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Microbiome after bariatric surgery and microbial insights into surgical weight loss

机译：减肥手术后的微生物组和微生物对手术减肥的认识

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摘要

Obesity is a worldwide epidemic accompanied by multiple comorbidities. Bariatric surgery is currently the most efficient treatment for morbid obesity and its comorbidities. The etiology of obesity is unknown, although genetic, environmental, and most recently, microbiome elements have been recognized as contributors to this rising epidemic. The role of the gut microbiome in weight-loss or weight-gain warrants investigation, and bariatric surgery provides a good model to study influences of the microbiome on host metabolism. The underlying goals of my research were to analyze (i) the factors that change the microbiome after bariatric surgery, (ii) the effects of different types of bariatric surgeries on the gut microbiome and metabolism, (iii) the role of the microbiome on the success of bariatric surgery, and (iv) temporal and spatial changes of the microbiome after bariatric surgery.;Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) rearranges the gastrointestinal tract and reduces gastric acid secretions. Therefore, pH could be one of the factors that change microbiome after RYGB. Using mixed-cultures and co-cultures of species enriched after RYGB, I showed that as small as 0.5 units higher gut pH can aid in the survival of acid-sensitive microorganisms after RYGB and alter gut microbiome function towards the production of weight loss-associated metabolites. By comparing microbiome after two different bariatric surgeries, RYGB and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB), I revealed that gut microbiome structure and metabolism after RYGB are remarkably different than LAGB, and LAGB change microbiome minimally. Given the distinct RYGB alterations to the microbiome, I examined the contribution of the microbiome to weight loss. Analyses revealed that Fusobacterium might lessen the success of RYGB by producing putrescine, which may enhance weight-gain and could serve as biomarker for unsuccessful RYGB.;Finally, I showed that RYGB alters the luminal and the mucosal microbiome. Changes in gut microbial metabolic products occur in the short-term and persist over the long-term. Overall, the work in this dissertation provides insight into how the gut microbiome structure and function is altered after bariatric surgery, and how these changes potentially affect the host metabolism. These findings will be helpful in subsequent development of microbiome-based therapeutics to treat obesity.
机译：肥胖症是一种全球流行病，并伴有多种合并症。减肥手术是目前最有效的病态肥胖症及其合并症治疗方法。肥胖病的病因尚不清楚，尽管遗传，环境和最近的微生物组元素已被认为是造成这种流行病的原因。肠道微生物组在减肥或增重中的作用值得研究，减肥手术提供了一个很好的模型来研究微生物组对宿主代谢的影响。我研究的基本目标是分析（i）减肥手术后改变微生物组的因素，（ii）不同类型的减肥手术对肠道微生物组和代谢的影响，（iii）微生物组对肠道微生物组的作用。减肥手术的成功，以及（iv）减肥手术后微生物组的时空变化。； Roux-en-Y胃旁路（RYGB）重排胃肠道并减少胃酸分泌。因此，pH可能是RYGB后改变微生物组的因素之一。通过混合培养和共培养RYGB后富集的物种，我发现肠道pH值低0.5个单位可有助于RYGB后酸敏感微生物的存活，并改变肠道微生物组功能，从而产生与体重相关的体重代谢产物。通过比较两个不同的减肥手术RYGB和腹腔镜可调胃束带（LAGB）后的微生物组，我发现RYGB之后的肠道微生物组结构和代谢与LAGB显着不同，并且LAGB对微生物组的影响最小。考虑到微生物组的明显RYGB改变，我检查了微生物组对减肥的贡献。分析表明，梭状芽胞杆菌可能通过产生腐胺而减少RYGB的成功，腐胺可能会增加体重，并可能成为失败RYGB的生物标志物。最后，我证明RYGB会改变管腔和粘膜微生物组。肠道微生物代谢产物的变化在短期内发生，并长期持续。总体而言，本论文的研究为减肥手术后肠道微生物组的结构和功能如何变化以及这些变化如何潜在影响宿主代谢提供了见识。这些发现将有助于随后开发基于微生物组的治疗肥胖症的疗法。

著录项

  • 作者

    Ilhan, Zehra Esra.;

  • 作者单位

    Arizona State University.;

  • 授予单位 Arizona State University.;
  • 学科 Microbiology.;Ecology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2016
  • 页码 220 p.
  • 总页数 220
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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