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Biodiversity assessment and systematics of neotropical jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae).

机译：新热带跳跃蜘蛛的生物多样性评估和系统学（Araneae：Salticidae）。

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This study combined an intensive site-specific inventory of the spider family Salticidae with an extensive taxonomic review of a subset of the family throughout the Neotropics. This collection of over 8,000 adult salticids from lowland rainforest in Costa Rica's La Selva Biological Station yielded 103 species from 50 genera. At least one genus and ten to fifty percent of these species are new to science. Natural history and range information is presented for the sixteen most abundant species in understory and canopy fogging samples.; Species richness estimators predict that quantitative understory sampling captured 88% to 98% of the species accessible to our methods during the survey period. We use this unusually comprehensive empirical dataset to evaluate performance of six parametric and seven nonparametric species richness estimators. Among parametric curve-fitting models, Soberón and Llorente's log model provides the best fit, least bias, and most accurate results at most sample sizes. Of nonparametric estimators, Chao1 and Chao2 most quickly reduce the negative bias all show at small sample sizes. Stratifying sampling by method, habitat, and site improved richness estimation by enabling us to diagnose edges of our target community and its partitions by identifying “leakage” of rare species from other partitions in which these species were common. Stratified sampling also revealed differences in subfamily-level faunal composition across partitions and exposed hints of elaborate niche partitioning among taxa, particularly within the speciose genus Corythalia.; This taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genera Cobanus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge 1901 and Sidusa, Peckham and Peckham 1896 shows them to be closely related to one another and almost doubles the size of each. Twenty-four species are newly described here, twelve re-described, three synonymized, two transferred to other genera, and several recognized as being misplaced. This paper provides character matrices for specimen identification and summarizes known distribution and natural history information for all species of Cobanus and Sidusa. Phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters in these species and members of thirty other euophryine genera supports the sister relationship and mutual monophyly of Cobanus and Sidusa, and provides insight into character variation and higher-level relationships within the subfamily Euophryinae.
机译：这项研究结合了蜘蛛科Salticidae的特定地点的详尽清单，以及整个新热带地区该科的一部分的广泛分类学综述。在哥斯达黎加的La Selva生物站的低地雨林中收集了8,000多种成年的盐飞虱，产生了50个属的103种。这些物种中至少有一个属和百分之十至百分之五十是新来的。在林下和冠层雾样品中提供了16种最丰富物种的自然历史和范围信息。物种丰富度估算人员预测，在调查期内，定量的林下采样捕获了我们方法可访问的88％至98％的物种。我们使用这个异常全面的经验数据集来评估六个参数和七个非参数物种丰富度估计量的性能。在参数曲线拟合模型中，Soberón和Llorente的对数模型可在大多数样本量下提供最佳拟合，最小偏差和最准确的结果。在非参数估计量中，Chao1和Chao2最迅速地减小了负偏差，它们均在较小的样本量下显示。通过使我们能够通过识别稀有物种与其他物种常见的分区之间的“泄漏”，从而诊断目标社区及其分区的边缘，从而按方法，栖息地和地点进行分层采样，从而改善了丰富度估算。分层抽样还显示了跨分区的亚科级动物组成的差异，并揭示了分类单元之间精细生态位分区的迹象，特别是在特定属 Corythalia 内。新热带属<斜体> Cobanus F.O。Pickard-Cambridge 1901和Sidusa，Peckham和Peckham 1896的分类学修订显示，它们彼此密切相关，并且彼此的大小几乎翻了一番。这里新描述了二十四个物种，重新描述了十二个物种，三个同义，两个转移到另一个属，还有几个被认为放错了地方。本文提供了用于标本识别的特征矩阵，并总结了所有 Cobanus 和 Sidusa 物种的已知分布和自然历史信息。系统进化分析这些物种以及其他三十种真性植物属的成员，支持 Cobanus 和 Sidusa 的姐妹关系和相互单亲，并提供了对性状变异和更高- Euophryinae亚科之间的亲戚关系。

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