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Spatial configuration of malaria risk on the Amazon frontier: The hidden reality behind global analysis.

机译：亚马逊边境疟疾风险的空间格局：全球分析背后的隐藏现实。

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摘要

This dissertation investigates the interrelationships between macro-political, social, and economic polices, human migration, agricultural development, and malaria transmission on the Brazilian Amazon frontier. The ultimate goals are to: (i) identify the local determinants of malaria transmission, and thereby provide the necessary information for the design of more efficient malaria mitigation policies; and (ii) establish a spatially explicit methodology for analysis of malaria risk in complex ecosystems on the Amazon frontier. The analysis is focused on the Machadinho Settlement Project, located in the state of Rondonia. Field survey data collected in 1985 (the inception of the settlement), 1986, 1987 and 1995, provide information on health, demographic, economic, social, ecological, behavioral, and agricultural characteristics. I adopted a three-step methodological approach that combined spatial analysis, geostatistical tools, and fuzzy-set models. This innovative approach facilitated the analysis of malaria risk factors at a local level. Applying Grade of Membership models I obtained nuanced profiles of low and high malaria risk for each of the four years studied, and for different levels of spatial aggregation. The results highlighted major variation over time and space, and characterized the subtle interface between natural and man-made environments for malaria transmission. They also showed that, as the spatial level of aggregation was refined, more detailed risk profiles were obtained. The risk profile representations facilitated the specification of a set of strategies that should be implemented in colonization projects, targeted in both time and space, for increasing the effectiveness and reducing the costs of malaria mitigation in frontier settlements. Important features of the proposed mitigation strategies include: (i) all persons arriving at new settlement projects should be tested and treated for malaria before they occupy their plots; (ii) environmental management should be a central focus in the early stages of settlement; (iii) personal behavior should be the focus of interventions after there is substantial land clearance and stabilization of the area; (iv) financial support for house construction must be guaranteed; (v) education about malaria should be provided to all settlers in the early stages of the project; (vi) promotion of a diverse array of supportive community organizations is essential.
机译：本文研究了巴西亚马逊地区宏观政治，社会和经济政策，人口迁移，农业发展和疟疾传播之间的相互关系。最终目标是：（i）确定当地疟疾传播的决定因素，从而为设计更有效的疟疾缓解政策提供必要的信息； （ii）建立一种空间明确的方法，以分析亚马逊边境复杂生态系统中的疟疾风险。分析的重点是位于朗多尼亚州的Machadinho解决项目。 1985年（定居点开始），1986年，1987年和1995年收集的实地调查数据提供了有关健康，人口，经济，社会，生态，行为和农业特征的信息。我采用了三步方法论方法，将空间分析，地统计工具和模糊集模型结合在一起。这种创新的方法促进了地方一级疟疾危险因素的分析。应用会员级别模型，我获得了研究的四年中每年以及不同水平的空间聚集情况下低和高疟疾风险的细微差别。结果突出了随时间和空间的主要变化，并描述了疟疾传播的自然环境与人为环境之间的微妙联系。他们还表明，随着聚集的空间水平的提高，可以获得更详细的风险概况。风险概况表示有助于规范应在时空上定居的殖民化项目中应实施的一系列战略，以提高在边​​境定居点的减缓疟疾的效力并降低其成本。拟议的缓解战略的重要特征包括：（i）所有到达新的定居项目的人在居住前应进行疟疾检测和治疗； （ii）在解决的初期阶段，环境管理应成为中心重点； （iii）在大量土地清理和稳定地区之后，个人行为应成为干预的重点； （iv）必须保证房屋建设的财政支持； （v）在项目的早期阶段应向所有定居者提供有关疟疾的教育； （vi）促进各种各样的社区支持组织至关重要。

著录项

  • 作者

    Castro, Marcia Caldas de.;

  • 作者单位

    Princeton University.;

  • 授予单位 Princeton University.;
  • 学科 Sociology Demography.;Statistics.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2002
  • 页码 293 p.
  • 总页数 293
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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