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首页> 外文学位 >Avian use of an exotic tree (Gmelina arborea) plantation in Guatemala: Evaluating its conservation potential as an alternative land-use.
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Avian use of an exotic tree (Gmelina arborea) plantation in Guatemala: Evaluating its conservation potential as an alternative land-use.

机译：危地马拉在外来树种（Gmelina arborea）人工林上的鸟类利用：评价其作为替代土地利用方式的保护潜力。

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Hierarchical approaches to the study of ecological patterns and processes are an effective means for evaluating environmental problems for conservation. One such problem is the continued anthropogenic change to natural landscapes over large spatial scales in the tropics, and the influence of this change on species that occupied those lands. Further compounding the problem is the realization that parks and reserves set aside to preserve affected species may not have the capacity to maintain long-term biologic diversity, and land-uses that have replaced these natural areas cannot support the same species-rich communities. I evaluated one of these new land-uses, a 7000 hectare Gmelina arborea tree plantation in Guatemala, to assess its potential role in bird conservation and its suitability as habitat for forest bird species. I examined local and landscape-scale vegetation patterns along with individual bird species distribution to see if scale-dependent vegetation attributes and bird species making up the avian community were significantly associated with one another. In addition, I examined foraging behavior and its relation to food availability of a subset of species.; The plantation was forest-like in structure, and supported mostly habitat generalists and edge-tolerant forest bird species, of which 28% were Neotropical migrants. I found a statistically significant positive relationship between increasing local-scale vegetative complexity and bird species richness and species composition, along with a strong significant association between landscape-scale forest coverage and individual bird species distribution patterns and the communities they compose. Sixty-four percent of the bird species I examined were significantly associated with landscape-scale predictors. Several bird species significantly preferred G. arborea over native trees as a foraging site, and several species were observed to exhibit behavioral plasticity in response to the non-native trees. Overall, I found that vegetatively complex areas within the heterogeneous Gmelina plantation had the ability to support bird communities similar to edge and secondary growth habitats in the region, as well as to maintain species richness similar to that of some shaded coffee plantations. These data indicate that, if managed with natural vegetation, G. arborea plantations may be an alternative to degraded pastureland in the Neotropics.
机译：研究生态模式和过程的分层方法是评估保护环境问题的有效手段。一个这样的问题是热带地区大范围尺度上自然景观的持续人为变化，以及这种变化对占用这些土地的物种的影响。使问题进一步复杂化的是，人们意识到为保护受影响的物种而预留的公园和保护区可能没有能力维持长期的生物多样性，并且取代这些自然区的土地使用不能支持相同的物种丰富的社区。我评估了其中一种新土地用途，即位于危地马拉的7,000公顷 Gmelina arborea 人工林，以评估其在鸟类保护中的潜在作用及其作为森林鸟类栖息地的适宜性。我研究了局部和景观尺度的植被格局以及鸟类的个体分布，以了解比例依赖的植被属性和构成鸟类群落的鸟类物种之间是否存在显着关联。另外，我研究了觅食行为及其与一部分物种食物供应的关系。人工林的结构类似于森林，主要为栖息地的通才和耐边缘的森林鸟类提供了支持，其中28％为新热带移民。我发现，当地尺度上的营养复杂性与鸟类物种丰富度和物种组成之间存在统计学上显着的正相关关系，而景观尺度森林覆盖率与鸟类个体分布模式及其所组成的群落之间也存在着显着的正相关关系。我检查的鸟类中有64％与景观尺度预测因子显着相关。几种鸟类明显偏爱 G。树木在当地的树木上觅食，观察到一些物种对非本土树木具有行为可塑性。总体而言，我发现异种 Gmelina 人工林中营养复杂的区域具有支持类似于该地区边缘和次生栖息地的鸟类群落的能力，并能够保持与某些物种相似的物种丰富度阴凉的咖啡种植园。这些数据表明，如果使用天然植被进行管理，则 G。树木种植园可以替代新热带地区退化的牧场。

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