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Ritual power in society: Ritualizing Late Antique North African martyr cult activities and social changes in gender and status

机译：社会的礼节力量：将北非晚期烈士崇拜活动和社会性别和地位的变迁仪式化

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Scholars have claimed that women played a pivotal role in what is often called "the Christianization of the Roman Empire." In the case of north Africa, women's involvement seemed to center on the martyr cults, which underwent significant changes during the fourth and fifth centuries. Scholarship has explained the reshaping of martyr cults by viewing it as a special case of the broader shifts occurring within Christianity during this time period. Yet why martyr veneration in general, and why in particular women's practices were targeted for change has not been adequately examined.;Ritual theorists have posited that religious practices translate the abstract notion of differentiation from the realm of thought into the realm of action. When applied to women's activities in North African martyr cults, this theory makes explicit the processes of identity-formation and the reordering of social networks. Martyr cult practices were a likely object for marking similarity as well as difference precisely because they could do so on three planes: religion, social status, and gender. These practices were both visible and concrete, making them an ideal locus for negotiating the differences and similarities that structured social organization.;In this study I attempt to show that women's activities were selected for what theorists call "ritualization" for two reasons. The first is rhetorical. Because women represented a fundamental dualism in a context where gender was the quintessential binary marker, women's martyr cult practices were deployed in the strategy of marking difference and similarity in order to reconstruct late antique Christian identities. The second reason is anthropological. Women experienced more social changes in this period than did men. Their martyr cult activities were both a cause and an effect of these changes.;When the processes of social realignment are examined in this way, the phenomenon of Christianization is revealed to be an ancient rhetorical construction that privileged social transformation over continuity. This study concludes that the historical reality is more complex than ancient authors suggested; that rhetoric and practice were strategically combined to effect social change as well as to maintain social stability.
机译：学者声称，妇女在通常被称为“罗马帝国的基督教化”中起着关键作用。就北非而言，妇女的参与似乎集中在烈士邪教上，烈士邪教在四，五世纪经历了重大变化。奖学金通过将烈士崇拜视为这一时期基督教内部广泛变化的特例，解释了烈士崇拜的重塑。然而，为何对一般的mart道者崇敬，以及为什么特别针对妇女的习俗进行变革尚未得到充分研究。；仪式理论家认为，宗教习俗将区分思想的抽象概念从思想领域转变为行动领域。当应用于北非烈士组织中的妇女活动时，该理论明确说明了身份形成和社会网络重新排序的过程。 Mart难者的崇拜实践可能是标记相似性和差异性的对象，因为它们可以在三个层面上做到：宗教，社会地位和性别。这些实践既可见又具体，使它们成为协商构成社会组织的异同的理想场所。在本研究中，我试图表明，妇女的活动之所以被选择为理论家所说的“仪式化”，原因有两个。首先是修辞。由于在性别是最典型的二元标记的情况下，女性代表了基本的二元论，因此，在烈性标记差异和相似性的策略中，采用了烈士崇拜活动，以重建晚期的古董基督教身份。第二个原因是人类学。在此期间，女性比男性经历了更多的社会变革。他们的烈士崇拜活动既是这些变化的原因，又是这些变化的结果。当以这种方式考察社会重组的过程时，基督教化现象被发现是一种古老的修辞结构，它使社会转型优先于连续性。这项研究得出的结论是，历史现实比古代作者所建议的更为复杂。言辞和实践在战略上结合在一起，以实现社会变革并保持社会稳定。

著录项

  • 作者

    Lander, Shira Li.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Pennsylvania.;

  • 授予单位 University of Pennsylvania.;
  • 学科 Religion.;Ancient history.;History Church.;Womens studies.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2002
  • 页码 289 p.
  • 总页数 289
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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