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首页> 外文学位 >Seismic and acoustic studies of Lo`ihi Volcano and southeast Hawai`i.
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Seismic and acoustic studies of Lo`ihi Volcano and southeast Hawai`i.

机译：洛伊希火山和夏威夷东南部的地震和声学研究。

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摘要

The growth patterns and internal structure of Lo`ihi submarine volcano have been investigated in two studies: an evaluation of the 1996 Lo`ihi earthquake swarm and a 1998 multi-channel seismic reflection survey. A velocity model constructed from the earthquake swarm and from refraction data collected in 1998 indicates that Lo`ihi's edifice has seismic velocities between 4–6 km/s while the shallow summit and flanks have velocities near 2 km/s. Earthquake relocations using the new model show that the 1996 swarm consisted of an early, tectonic phase in which a magma chamber drained, followed by the formation of a pit crater on Lo`ihi's summit. Use of an ocean bottom seismometer during the 1996 swarm suggested that instruments must be positioned on Lo`ihi to properly evaluate its behavior. More data were collected on Lo`ihi when the Hawai`i Undersea Geo-Observatory (HUGO) was deployed on the volcano in 1997. This real-time seafloor observatory contained a high-rate hydrophone on which 3 months of nearly continuous data were recorded. Data recorded by HUGO include local and teleseismic earthquakes, and Pacific-wide T-phases. Locations of offshore Hawai`i island earthquakes improve dramatically with data from HUGO. The majority of signals recorded on the HUGO hydrophone have the Kilauea ocean entry as their source. Many signals are impulsive events believed to be hydrovolcanic explosions. Other events, designated “roars”, are composed of a low-frequency rumble, accompanied by a prolonged broadband hiss. We interpret these events as submarine landslides because the largest of these events correlate with observed collapses of the Kilauea ocean entry. All of these collapses and some of the smaller landslides were also detected by the autonomous hydrophone array operated by the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, >5000 km from Kilauea. These data represent the first confirmed hydroacoustic recordings of submarine landslides and could be a useful component in tsunami monitoring efforts. That landsliding is a fundamental process in the growth of a Hawaiian volcano was further made clear both by the MCS data which show that Lo`ihi's Ranks have experienced mass wasting throughout its growth.
机译：在两项研究中对洛伊希海底火山的生长模式和内部结构进行了研究：1996年洛伊希海地震群的评估和1998年多通道地震反射调查。根据地震群和1998年收集的折射数据构建的速度模型表明，洛伊希希大厦的地震速度在4-6 km / s之间，而浅山顶和侧面的速度在2 km / s附近。使用新模型进行的地震搬迁表明，1996年的蜂群包括早期的构造阶段，在该阶段中，岩浆室被排干，随后在洛伊希希的山顶上形成了坑坑。在1996年群内使用海底地震仪表明，必须将仪器放置在Lo`ihi上才能正确评估其行为。 1997年，在夏威夷部署夏威夷海底地质观测站（HUGO）时，在洛伊希希收集了更多数据。该实时海底观测站包含一个高水位水听器，上面记录了3个月的近乎连续的数据。 HUGO记录的数据包括本地地震和远程地震以及整个太平洋的T期。借助HUGO的数据，夏威夷近海岛屿地震的位置有了显着改善。 HUGO水听器上记录的大多数信号都以基拉韦厄海入口为源。许多信号是冲动事件，被认为是火山爆发。其他事件称为“轰鸣”，由低频隆隆声和长时间的宽带嘶嘶声引起。我们将这些事件解释为海底滑坡，因为这些事件中最大的事件与观察到的基拉韦厄海口塌陷有关。所有这些塌方和一些较小的滑坡也由距基拉韦厄（Kilauea）> 5000 km的太平洋海洋环境实验室操作的自动水听器阵列检测到。这些数据代表了海底滑坡的首次确认水声记录，可能是海啸监测工作中的有用组成部分。 MCS数据进一步表明，滑坡是夏威夷火山生长的基本过程，这表明Lo`ihi的等级在整个生长过程中都经历了大规模的浪费。

著录项

  • 作者

    Caplan-Auerbach, Jacqueline.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Hawaii.;

  • 授予单位 University of Hawaii.;
  • 学科 Geophysics.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2001
  • 页码 114 p.
  • 总页数 114
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 地球物理学;
  • 关键词

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