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Economic growth and the environment: The environmental Kuznets curve and sustainable development in an endogenous growth model.

机译：经济增长与环境：内生增长模型中的环境库兹涅茨曲线和可持续发展。

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摘要

In this dissertation we develop a model of human capital with differentiated physical capital, which incorporates the environmental externality of pollution, in order to investigate the interaction between economic growth and the environment in three major ways.; First, we analyze our model to provide a theoretical basis for the empirical evidence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between growth and pollution. It is shown that, in both static and dynamic stages, the timing and strictness of pollution control depend on the potential output level, and that the optimal behavior of pollution displays an inverted U-shaped pattern if the elasticity of marginal utility of consumption is greater than one.; Second, we explore the long-run growth implications in the presence of pollution for cases when pollution affects utility as a flow and a stock. Also, our model is analyzed to address the issue of sustainable development that depends not only the consumption but also the environmental quality. We find that long-run growth and sustainable development can be achieved with the optimal control of pollution, whether pollution has its impact as a flow or stock. Sustained growth is possible as long as the social marginal product of human capital is not affected by the presence of pollution, while the cleaner type physical capital is used in production for better environmental quality. It is also found that the natural decay rate of pollution should be large enough for the existence of optimal solutions when pollution has the cumulative stock effect.; Third, we study the equilibrium growth path of a decentralized economy, and deal with the issue of implementing the social optimum by analyzing different instruments of government policy. Results show that the pollution level is unambiguously increasing in a decentralized economy, and that sustainable development cannot be achieved without government intervention. In regard to the implementation problem, it is shown that both the pollution tax and voucher schemes can implement the social optimum. We find that the effectiveness of government policy is related to the market mechanism associated with the correct price of pollution.
机译：本文建立了一种具有差异化物质资本的人力资本模型，该模型结合了污染的环境外部性，以三种主要方式研究了经济增长与环境之间的相互作用。首先，我们分析模型，为增长和污染之间呈倒U型关系的经验证据提供理论依据。结果表明，在静态和动态阶段，污染控制的时机和严格性取决于潜在的产出水平，如果边际消费的弹性更大，则污染的最佳行为呈倒U形。多于一个。其次，我们探讨了当污染影响效用作为流量和存量的情况下，存在污染时的长期增长意义。此外，我们的模型经过分析以解决可持续发展问题，该问题不仅取决于消耗，而且还取决于环境质量。我们发现，无论污染是作为流量还是作为存量，对污染的最佳控制都可以实现长期增长和可持续发展。只要人力资本的社会边缘产品不受污染的影响，可持续的增长就有可能，而清洁型物质资本被用于生产中以改善环境质量。还发现，当污染具有累积蓄积效应时，污染的自然衰减率应足够大，以存在最优解。第三，研究分散经济的均衡增长路径，并通过分析不同的政府政策手段来处理实现社会最优的问题。结果表明，在一个分散的经济体中，污染水平正在明确增加，如果没有政府干预，就无法实现可持续发展。关于实施问题，表明污染税和优惠券方案都可以实现社会最优。我们发现，政府政策的有效性与正确的污染价格相关的市场机制有关。

著录项

  • 作者

    Kwon, O-Sung.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Washington.;

  • 授予单位 University of Washington.;
  • 学科 Economics Theory.; Economics General.; Environmental Sciences.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2001
  • 页码 164 p.
  • 总页数 164
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 经济学;经济学;环境科学基础理论;
  • 关键词

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