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首页> 外文学位 >Factors affecting the efficacy of 1,3-dichloropropene for plant-parasitic nematode management in Florida deep sandy soils.
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Factors affecting the efficacy of 1,3-dichloropropene for plant-parasitic nematode management in Florida deep sandy soils.

机译：影响1,3-二氯丙烯在佛罗里达州深沙土壤中处理植物寄生线虫的功效的因素。

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摘要

1,3-Dichloropropene (1,3-D) has been used for many years in Florida to manage plant-parasitic nematodes on many crops. 1,3-Dichloropropene is a fumigant nematicide available to growers and it will likely be among the most important alternative replacements for methyl bromide, which is proposed for complete phase-out in 2005. Rate, application depth, method of application, abiotic degradation, and microbial degradation are all factors that contribute to the performance of 1,3-D. Experiments were conducted in the field, microplots, and greenhouse with the goal to improve knowledge of the relative performance of 1,3-D in Florida deep sandy soils and soils capable of microbial degradation of 1,3-D at an accelerated rate (enhanced soil). Field and greenhouse experiments were performed with soil infested with root-knot nematodes enhanced for degrading 1,3-D. The number of second-stage juveniles (J2) that penetrated tomato seedlings that were transplanted into fumigated soil were evaluated to determine the efficacy of 1,3-D against root-knot nematodes in enhanced and nonenhanced soils. There were no differences in the number of J2 that entered the roots grown in fumigated enhanced and nonenhanced soils. No decrease in efficacy of 1,3-D could be detected. Field studies were performed to determine efficacious rates and methods of applications for plant-parasitic nematode control in deep sandy soils. Rates tested included 56, 84, 112, and 168 liters/ha of 1,3-D applied broadcast with conventional chisels followed by disking. Soil fumigated with 1,3-D at broadcast rates of 84, 112, and 168 liters/ha offered the best control of root-knot nematodes on squash, whereas 56 liters of 1,3-D/ha provided marginal control. Methods tested included in-row and broadcast fumigation of 1,3-D using conventional and parachisels followed by disking and subsurface hooded chisels. Number and yield, plant-parasitic nematode population density, root-knot nematodes gall indicies were determined. The highest number of fruit were from plots treated with 1,3-D applied broadcast followed by disking ( P 0.1). The highest yield was from plots fumigated with 1,3-D applied in row with conventional chisels followed by disking (P 0.1). At midseason and at harvest, the number of J2 was lower in all fumigated plots except in 1,3-D applied in row with parachisels and the untreated control (P 0.1). The performance of 1,3-D applied by subsurface hooded sweep chisels was poor. Fumigation with 1,3-D, regardless of rate or methods, resulted in a decrease in root-knot nematodes that infected indicator crops.
机译：1,3-二氯丙烯（1,3-D）在佛罗里达州已使用多年，用于管理许多作物上的植物寄生线虫。 1,3-二氯丙烯是一种烟熏杀线虫剂，可用于种植者，它很可能是最重要的甲基溴替代品之一，拟于2005年完全淘汰。速率，施用深度，施用方法，非生物降解，和微生物降解都是导致1,3-D性能的因素。在野外，微孔和温室中进行了实验，目的是提高人们对佛罗里达州深沙质土壤和能够以加速速率降解1,3-D的土壤中1,3-D相对性能的认识（增强泥）。田间和温室试验是在土壤中掺入增强了可降解1,3-D的根结线虫的。评估了渗透到熏蒸土壤中的番茄幼苗的第二阶段幼虫（J2）的数量，以确定1,3-D对增强和非增强土壤中根结线虫的功效。在熏蒸的增强和非增强土壤中生长的根中，进入根的J2数量没有差异。没有发现1,3-D的功效降低。进行了野外研究以确定在深沙质土壤中控制植物寄生线虫的有效速率和应用方法。测试的速率包括56、84、112和168升/公顷的1,3-D应用常规凿子播种，然后播种。用1,3-D熏蒸的土壤以84、112和168升/公顷的播散速度提供了对南瓜根结线虫的最佳控制，而56升1,3-D / ha提供了边际控制。测试的方法包括：使用常规凿和伞形凿对1，3-D进行行内熏蒸和熏蒸熏蒸，然后进行圆盘打磨和地下带帽凿。确定数量和产量，植物寄生线虫种群密度，根结线虫胆指数。最高数量的水果来自使用1,3-D播种后再播种的地块（ P <0.1）。最高产量来自用传统凿子连续排成1,3-D熏蒸的地块，然后打孔（ P <0.1）。在季中和收获期，所有熏蒸区的J2数量均较少，除了与伞形虫和未经处理的对照连续施用的1,3-D含量外（ P <0.1）。地下带帽扫凿施加的1,3-D性能较差。无论采用何种方法或方法，用1，3-D熏蒸均可减少感染指示作物的根结线虫。

著录项

  • 作者

    Riegel, Claudia.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Florida.;

  • 授予单位 University of Florida.;
  • 学科 Agriculture Plant Pathology.; Agriculture Agronomy.; Biology Entomology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2001
  • 页码 133 p.
  • 总页数 133
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 植物病理学;农学（农艺学）;昆虫学;
  • 关键词

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