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>From morality to freedom: Moral anthropology and metaethics in Jean-Paul Sartre's 'Morale et histoire' (the unpublished and undelivered 1965 Cornell lectures).
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From morality to freedom: Moral anthropology and metaethics in Jean-Paul Sartre's 'Morale et histoire' (the unpublished and undelivered 1965 Cornell lectures).
This dissertation presents a constructive reading of Jean-Paul Sartre's Morale et histoire, the undelivered 1965 Cornell Lectures. My thesis is that this unpublished and largely unknown investigation of the relationship between morality and history provides significant resources for a novel Sartrean argument for human freedom. This argument begins with concrete moral experience and makes its way toward freedom, thus effecting an illuminating reversal of the conventional logic of philosophical inquiry. The argument achieves much of its persuasiveness because it stays close to lived-experience, adhering as nearly as possible to an ideal of methodological exemplarism by drawing its conclusions from analyses of concrete moral events. Briefly, the text of Morale et histoire presents Sartre's most systematic inquiry into the nature and significance of ethical norms and moral praxis. Sartre's dialectical-phenomenological account of moral praxis culminates in what he calls the “paradox of ethos.” Careful examination of the paradoxical nature of morality, I argue, yields a vision of concrete, situated, historical freedom that surely counts among “the varieties of free will worth wanting” (pace Dennett). The task of this dissertation is to defend these claims using Sartre's Morale et histoire as the chief philosophical resource.
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机译：本论文对让·保罗·萨特（Jean-Paul Sartre）的《士气与历史》（未发表的1965年康奈尔演讲）进行了建设性的解读。我的论点是，这种关于道德与历史之间关系的未发表且很大程度上未知的研究为萨特人关于人类自由的新颖论点提供了重要资源。这一论断始于具体的道德经验，并逐渐走向自由，从而实现了对哲学探究的传统逻辑的有启发性的逆转。该论点之所以具有说服力，是因为它紧贴生活经验，并通过对具体道德事件的分析得出结论，从而尽可能地坚持方法论示范主义的理想。简而言之， Morale et histoire 文本提出了萨特对伦理规范和道德实践的性质和意义的最系统的探究。萨特对道德实践的辩证现象学解释最终达到了他所说的“ 精神悖论”。我认为，仔细研究道德的自相矛盾性质会产生一种具体的，处在历史的自由观，这种自由观必定是“值得拥有的自由意志的多样性”（佩尼斯·丹尼特）。本论文的任务是以萨特的 Morale et histoire 为主要的哲学资源来捍卫这些主张。
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