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Distributions of toxic elements in urban desert soils.

机译：城市沙漠土壤中有毒元素的分布。

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摘要

Studying the sources, fates, and transport pathways of anthropogenic trace elements under the influence of rapid urban expansion and growth is one of the major themes in environmental research. Because of the potential toxicity of trace elements, it is important to study them in an urban setting, especially in one that has changed from a small town to a populous city within only decades. Based on this, I carried out a trace elemental study in the soils of Maricopa County, AZ, with samples from 200 sites across three major land-use types: urban, desert, and agriculture. First, I mapped the distributions of twenty one elements in both the surface (10 cm) and lower (10 to 30 cm) soil with GIS, grouped the elements with statistical analysis, tested the effects of traffic emissions with roadside soil depth profiles, and found that most elements come from natural geological formation or non-point anthropogenic sources. Second, I studied the accumulation of arsenic in old agricultural land through irrigating with arsenic containing natural water. I used batch experiments to quantify the arsenic adsorption capacity in the local desert soil, and illustrated the capacity of arsenic adsorption on the local soil, as well as factors that influence the accumulation of arsenic through irrigation. Third, I tested the lead isotope ratios 207Pb/206Pb and 208Pb/206Pb in my 200 soil samples, and found that urban lead in Phoenix is more likely to come from historical lead-based paint than traffic or industrial emissions. Lastly, I correlated the surface lead distribution data with the socioeconomic factors of the local population, through regression and spatial autocorrelation, and found inequitable distributions of lead among the non-white and low-income populations.
机译：在城市快速扩张和增长的影响下，研究人为微量元素的来源，命运和运输途径是环境研究的主要主题之一。由于微量元素的潜在毒性，因此在城市环境中进行研究非常重要，尤其是在几十年内从小镇变成人口稠密的城市的情况下。基于此，我在亚利桑那州马里科帕县的土壤中进行了微量元素研究，从三个主要土地利用类型（城市，沙漠和农业）的200个地点取样。首先，我使用GIS绘制了表层（10厘米）和下层（10到30厘米）土壤中21种元素的分布，对元素进行了统计分析，用路边土壤深度剖面测试了交通排放的影响，以及发现大多数元素来自自然地质构造或非点源人为来源。其次，我研究了通过用含天然水的砷灌溉来灌溉旧农田中砷的积累。我使用分批实验来量化局部沙漠土壤中砷的吸附能力，并说明了砷在局部土壤上的吸附能力以及影响灌溉过程中砷积累的因素。第三，我在200个土壤样本中测试了铅同位素比207Pb / 206Pb和208Pb / 206Pb，发现凤凰城的城市铅更可能来自历史性的铅基涂料，而不是交通或工业排放。最后，我通过回归和空间自相关，将表面铅的分布数据与当地人口的社会经济因素相关联，发现非白人和低收入人口中铅的分布不均。

著录项

  • 作者

    Zhuo, Xiaoding.;

  • 作者单位

    Arizona State University.;

  • 授予单位 Arizona State University.;
  • 学科 Environmental Health.;Geochemistry.;Chemistry Analytical.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 436 p.
  • 总页数 436
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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