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Trade, technology and security: United States bilateral export-control negotiations with South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and Australia.

机译：贸易，技术与安全：美国与韩国，台湾，新加坡和澳大利亚的双边出口控制谈判。

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摘要

From the early state of the Cold War, the United States initiated worldwide export controls as an economic containment policy against the Soviet Union. The U.S. government tried to block any transfer of militarily sensitive items and technologies to the Soviet Union, which may benefit the Soviet military strength. Although initially conceived as a temporary measure, the export controls became a major strategy to fights against communist threats in the name of national security. In order to make its efforts valid, the United States asked its allies for international cooperation of export controls. The United States and its western allies created Coordinated Committee (CoCom) as a multilateral regime of export controls.; The United States also created extensive regimes of bilateral export control agreements with its non-Western allies. As technological capacity of some non-CoCom allies, such as Asian Newly Industrialized Countries (NICs), grew rapidly in the 1980s, the United States asked these allies to adopt CoCom level export controls. The U.S. negotiations with Asia-Pacific countries in the 1980s, later known as Third Country Cooperation (TCC), however, brought limited success. Despite their dependence on the United States and broad agreement on security interests, some countries did not cooperate with U.S. initiative as they saw divergent national interests with regard to export controls.; The case studies of South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and Australia shows that the four Asia-Pacific allies followed their own preferences in economic development, trade, and technology in deciding their cooperation with the U.S. demands. In particular, the U.S. government did not use its coercive leverage—denial of U.S. technology exports—against South Korea and Taiwan despite their non-cooperation due to concern for domestic industry's business interest. This confirms that weaker allies' preference as well as hegemonic power is important determinant of regime cooperation.
机译：从冷战初期开始，美国就开始实行全球出口管制，作为对苏联的经济遏制政策。美国政府试图阻止任何军事敏感物品和技术转让给苏联，这可能使苏联的军事实力受益。尽管最初被认为是一项临时措施，但出口管制已成为以国家安全为名与共产主义威胁作斗争的一项主要战略。为了使其努力有效，美国要求其盟友进行出口管制的国际合作。美国及其西方盟国成立了协调委员会（CoCom），作为出口管制的多边制度。美国还与其非西方盟国建立了广泛的双边出口管制协议制度。随着1980年代某些非CoCom盟友的技术能力快速增长，美国要求这些盟友采用CoCom级出口管制。然而，1980年代美国与亚太国家的谈判（后来称为第三国合作（TCC））取得的成功有限。尽管一些国家依赖美国并在安全利益上达成广泛共识，但由于他们在出口管制方面看到了不同的国家利益，因此它们并未与美国的倡议合作。对韩国，台湾，新加坡和澳大利亚的案例研究表明，四个亚太盟国在决定与美国需求的合作时遵循了自己在经济发展，贸易和技术上的偏好。特别是，由于担心国内产业的商业利益，尽管美国政府不予合作，但美国政府并未对韩国和台湾使用强制性手段（拒绝美国技术出口）。这证实了较弱的盟国的偏好以及霸权是政权合作的重要决定因素。

著录项

  • 作者

    Sheen, Seongho.;

  • 作者单位

    Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy (Tufts University).;

  • 授予单位 Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy (Tufts University).;
  • 学科 Political Science International Law and Relations.; History Asia Australia and Oceania.; History United States.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2001
  • 页码 324 p.
  • 总页数 324
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 国际法;世界史;美洲史;
  • 关键词

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