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首页> 外文学位 >The Eastern Arc Mountain forests of Tanzania: Their role in biodiversity, water resource conservation, and net contribution to atmospheric carbon.
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The Eastern Arc Mountain forests of Tanzania: Their role in biodiversity, water resource conservation, and net contribution to atmospheric carbon.

机译：坦桑尼亚的东弧山森林：它们在生物多样性，水资源保护和对大气碳的净贡献中的作用。

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Mountain forests play major ecological and environmental roles. This study evaluated the roles of the Eastern Arc Mountain forests of Tanzania in conservation of biodiversity, water resources, and net contribution to atmospheric carbon. The major objectives were three-fold: (1) the classification and description of plant community composition, diversity patterns, and their environmental correlates, (2) assessment of biomass and carbon pool in the phytomass and soils, (3) assessment of rainfall interception throughfall, stemflow, streamflow, and their correlation with rainfall.; Data on vegetation, topography, soils, and hydrology were collected from the Usambara and Uluguru ranges. Using cluster analyses, Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMS) ordination, and indicator species analyses, five different plant communities were identified on each range. These communities were associated with two topographic and fourteen edaphic factors. Elevation was the strongest correlate of community composition in individual ranges, followed by several edaphic factors. Landform index and soil sodium concentration [Na] play major roles in separating plant communities between different mountain ranges. The proportions of rare species were high raising a conservation concern as to whether this is evidence of species' declines or a biological characteristic. The forests have tremendous capacity for C storage both in the phytomass (517 ± 17 t ha−1 in the Usambaras and 384 ± 10 t ha−1 in the Ulugurus), and in the soil (420 ± 100 t ha−1 in the Usambaras and 290 ± 53 t ha −1 in the Ulugurus). Phytomass C was higher in mid elevation communities while high elevation communities had higher soil carbon, and total carbon. Rainfall interception was 23% in the Usambaras and 20% in the Ulugurus. Throughfall was more than 76% in both forests and stemflow was less than 2%. Streamflow was best modeled using three or more months running mean rainfall. The results suggest that plant community patterns in the Eastern Arc are associated with a complex of topographic and edaphic factors. This complex of factors is an important consideration in restoration and conservation programs. Attention to rare species is especially important. The forests have substantial capacity for carbon emission mitigation. The slow response in streamflow to rainfall events shows the efficiency of the forests to store water, mitigate storm water impacts by reducing runoff, delaying onset of peak flows, and ensuring constant water supplies.
机译：山区森林起着重要的生态和环境作用。这项研究评估了坦桑尼亚东弧山森林在保护生物多样性，水资源以及对大气碳的净贡献方面的作用。主要目标是三方面的：（1）植物群落组成，多样性模式及其与环境的关系的分类和描述，（2）对植物和土壤中生物量和碳库的评估，（3）降雨截留的评估降雨，径流，径流及其与降雨的关系。植被，地形，土壤和水文数据来自于乌桑巴拉和乌鲁古鲁山脉。使用聚类分析，非度量多维标度（NMS）排序和指示剂物种分析，在每个范围上确定了五个不同的植物群落。这些社区与两个地形和十四个水生因素有关。海拔高度是各个范围内社区组成的最强相关性，其次是几个造化因素。地形指数和土壤钠浓度[Na]在分离不同山脉之间的植物群落中起主要作用。稀有物种的比例很高，这引起了人们对保护的关注，即这是物种减少还是生物学特征的证据。森林在植物群落中都具有巨大的碳储存能力（乌桑巴拉斯的517±17 t ha -1 和乌拉圭的384±10 t ha -1 ），在土壤中（Usambaras中为420±100 t ha -1 ，乌拉圭人为290±53 t ha -1 ）。在中高海拔群落中，Phytomass C含量较高，而高海拔群落中的土壤碳和总碳含量较高。在Usambaras，降雨拦截率为23％，在Ulugurus，拦截率为20％。两种森林的穿透率均超过76％，茎流不足2％。最好使用三个或三个月以上的平均降雨量来模拟流量。结果表明，东部弧区的植物群落格局与复杂的地形和水生因素有关。这些复杂的因素是恢复和保护计划中的重要考虑因素。注意稀有物种尤为重要。森林具有缓解碳排放的强大能力。水流对降雨事件的响应较慢，显示了森林储水的效率，通过减少径流，延迟高峰流量的出现以及确保水源恒定来减轻雨水的影响。

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