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Exposure assessment in the developing world: A modeling approach applied to tropical banana plantations.

机译:发展中国家的暴露评估:一种应用于热带香蕉种植园的建模方法。

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The purpose of this dissertation research was to test the utility of multimedia environmental fate models to evaluate the fate of pesticides in banana plantations. Chlorothalonil (CHT), a widely used fungicide was used as a tracer in this study. The research involves the modification and development of new methodologies to quantitate chlorothalonil and its main metabolites in water, soil, banana leaves, sediments and drift cards using gas and liquid chromatography coupled to mass selective detection. A field study was conducted to evaluate the rates of dissipation of CHT in soil and on banana leaves. Metabolite studies were conducted in the soil. Field dissipation half lives were 2.2 and 3.9 in soil and on the leaves, respectively. In water channels, CHT levels were as high as 286 ppb on the day of application and were as high as 50 ppb 24 hours post application. Drift cards were used to measure spray deposits on the soil and banana leaves as well as adjacent to water channels. An evaluative and local assessment of fate was conducted using the EQC and the SoilFug environmental fate computer models. The predicted concentrations in soil using the SoilFug model were in very good agreement with the measured concentrations. In channel water, model predictions were 2–7 times lower than the measured concentrations. It is concluded that a computer modeling approach can be an effective tool that will allow developing countries to predict the environmental fate of pesticides in tropical environment.
机译:本文的研究目的是检验多媒体环境归宿模型在评估香蕉人工林中农药归宿方面的实用性。氯噻酮(CHT),一种广泛使用的杀菌剂被用作本研究的示踪剂。该研究涉及使用气相色谱和液相色谱联用质量选择检测技术对水,土壤,香蕉叶,沉积物和漂移卡中百菌清及其主要代谢产物进行定量的新方法的改良和开发。进行了现场研究,以评估土壤中和香蕉叶上CHT的耗散率。在土壤中进行了代谢物研究。在土壤和叶子上的田间消散半衰期分别为2.2和3.9。在水道中,CHT水平在施药当天高达286 ppb,施药后24小时高达50 ppb。漂移卡用于测量土壤和香蕉叶以及邻近水道上的喷雾沉积物。使用EQC和SoilFug环境命运计算机模型对命运进行了评估和本地评估。使用SoilFug模型预测的土壤浓度与测得的浓度非常吻合。在河道水中,模型预测值比测得的浓度低2–7倍。结论是,计算机建模方法可能是一种有效的工具,它将使发展中国家能够预测热带环境中农药的环境命运。

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