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首页> 外文学位 >Community effects of introduced honeybees (Apis mellifera) on native bee fauna and plant pollination.
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Community effects of introduced honeybees (Apis mellifera) on native bee fauna and plant pollination.

机译：引入的蜜蜂（蜜蜂）对本地蜜蜂动物区系和植物授粉的社区影响。

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Introduced species can contribute to the decline of native species through competition, predation, or parasitism, but the frequency with which they do so is largely unknown. Introduced species are commonly blamed for the devastation of native communities; however, the evidence supporting these claims is generally correlative and post hoc. This study investigates the impacts of introduced honeybees (Apis mellifera) on species interactions and abundances in Australian Banksia woodlands. A priori predictions about the effects of honeybees on native bee fauna were tested through the experimental manipulation of honeybee populations. Honeybees had a significantly negative impact on native bee forager abundance and trap-nest use. This effect is apparently driven by exploitative competition for floral resources; honeybees are able to out-compete some native bee species by foraging at lower ambient temperatures. In subtropical Queensland, Australia, honeybees started foraging at 15 C, while Trigona spp. did not start foraging until the ambient air temperature reached 18 C. This difference allowed honeybees to pre-empt floral resources: >90% of Xanthorrhoea johnsonii (Xanthorrhoeaceae) pollen was harvested before Trigona spp. started to forage. Honeybees also influenced the pollination dynamics of the native plant community. Honeybees were effective pollinators of three plant species with generalized flowers. They were less efficient than native bee species at transferring pollen to these plant species, but they were also more abundant than any of the native bee species. Overall, honeybees were the most important agents of pollen transfer to these generalized flowers. Since generalized pollination systems are thought to persist only when all visitors are roughly equivalent in pollination ability, the presence of honeybees has long-term implications for the persistence and evolution of generalized plant species in this community. For the vertebrate-pollinated plant species examined, honeybees were effective pollinators of X. johnsonii, but ineffective or unimportant pollinators of Banksia aemula (Proteaceae). This suggests that honeybees may be relatively poor pollinators of plant species with highly specialized flowers. In summary, introduced honeybees have significant impacts on native bee communities and on plant-pollinator dynamics.
机译：引入的物种可通过竞争，掠食或寄生来助长本地物种的衰落，但很大程度上未知这样做的频率。引入物种通常被认为是对土著社区的破坏。但是，支持这些主张的证据通常是相关的，并且是事后。这项研究调查了引入的蜜蜂（ Apis mellifera ）对澳大利亚山龙眼林地物种相互作用和丰度的影响。通过对蜜蜂种群的实验操作，检验了关于蜜蜂对本地蜜蜂动物群影响的先验预测。蜜蜂对本地蜜蜂觅食者的丰度和陷阱巢的使用产生了显着的负面影响。显然，这种影响是由对花卉资源的开发性竞争推动的。蜜蜂可以通过在较低的环境温度下觅食来与某些本地蜜蜂竞争。在澳大利亚的亚热带昆士兰州，蜜蜂从15摄氏度开始觅食，而 Trigona spp。直到环境温度达到18 C时才开始觅食。这种差异使蜜蜂抢占了花卉资源：>斜体的> Triantrrhoea johnsonii （Xanthorrhoeaceae）的花粉是在 Trigona 之前收获的。斜体> spp。开始觅食。蜜蜂还影响了本地植物群落的授粉动态。蜜蜂是三种具有广义花的植物的有效传粉媒介。在将花粉转移到这些植物物种方面，它们的效率不如本地蜜蜂物种，但也比任何本地蜜蜂物种都丰富。总体而言，蜜蜂是花粉转移至这些广义花的最重要媒介。由于一般的授粉系统仅在所有访客的授粉能力大致相等时才持续存在，因此蜜蜂的存在对该社区中一般植物物种的持久性和进化具有长期影响。对于所检查的脊椎动物授粉植物物种，蜜蜂是有效的 X授粉媒介。 johnsonii ，但 Banksia aemula （Proteaceae）的授粉媒介无效或不重要。这表明蜜蜂可能是具有高度专业化花的植物物种的相对较差的传粉者。总而言之，引进的蜜蜂对本地蜜蜂群落和植物传粉媒介的动态有重大影响。

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