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Bergmann's rule and tetrapod vertebrates, with special emphasis on body size variation of the western rattlesnake.

机译：伯格曼法则和四足动物脊椎动物，特别着重于西部响尾蛇的体型变化。

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摘要

Many ecological and evolutionary rules have been described. Documenting the patterns and evaluating the mechanisms that may produce such patterns are important to understanding ecological and evolutionary processes. My dissertation research focused on testing for broad patterns in ecology and evolution, particularly those that relate to body size.; Bergmann's rule states that there is an increase in body size with decreased environmental temperature within species of endothermic vertebrates. However, the validity of this pattern, and the possibility of a similar trend for ectotherms, has not been established. In addition, the mechanism, based on heat conservation, proposed to account for Bergmann's rule has been questioned. I tested for general patterns of body size variation relative to latitude and environmental temperature for species of tetrapod vertebrates. I found that most tetrapods (mammals, birds, turtles, salamanders, and anurans) follow Bergmann's rule, whereas squamate reptiles (“lizards” and snakes) follow the inverse of Bergmann's rule. I tested a prediction of the heat conservation explanation of Bergmann's rule, but did not find support for the prediction. Thus, heat conservation does not appear to explain Bergmann's rule.; I conducted a thorough analysis of body size evolution in the western rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis) to further understand patterns of size variation for squamate reptiles. For this analysis, I first generated a molecular phylogeny using sequences from two mitochondrial DNA regions to provide an evolutionary framework for addressing questions of size evolution. The phylogenetic analyses revealed two strongly divergent clades. I then examined the relationships between body size and general physical and climatic variables. The eastern clade showed larger body sizes at higher latitudes, and in cooler and more seasonal environments. In contrast, the western clade attained smaller sizes in cooler and more seasonal areas. The differences in size trends between the two clades may be explained by variation in the relationship between mortality rates and climate.; To further understand the processes responsible for body size evolution of C. viridis, I examined patterns of body size variation between island and mainland populations. I found that all three island populations were significantly smaller than nearby mainland populations.
机译：已经描述了许多生态和进化规则。记录模式并评估可能产生这种模式的机制对于理解生态和进化过程很重要。我的论文研究专注于测试生态和进化的广泛模式，尤其是那些与体型有关的模式。伯格曼法则指出，吸热脊椎动物物种的体型随着环境温度的降低而增加。但是，这种模式的有效性以及类似的等温线趋势的可能性尚未确定。另外，有人提出了一种基于热量守恒的机制来解释伯格曼法则。我测试了四足动物脊椎动物相对于纬度和环境温度的体型变化的一般模式。我发现大多数四足动物（哺乳动物，鸟类，乌龟，sal和无尾类动物）都遵循Bergmann的规则，而鳞状爬行动物（“蜥蜴”和蛇）遵循Bergmann的规则。我测试了关于伯格曼法则的热守恒解释的预测，但是没有找到支持该预测的方法。因此，保温似乎并不能解释伯格曼法则。我对西部响尾蛇（ Crotalus viridis ）的体型演变进行了详尽的分析，以进一步了解鳞状爬行动物的体型变化模式。对于此分析，我首先使用来自两个线粒体DNA区域的序列生成了分子系统发育学，以提供一个用于解决大小进化问题的进化框架。系统发育分析表明，两个进化分支。然后，我检查了身体大小与一般物理和气候变量之间的关系。东部进化枝在较高纬度，凉爽和更多季节的环境中显示出较大的体型。相反，在较凉爽和更多季节的地区，西部进化枝的规模较小。两个进化枝之间大小趋势的差异可以通过死亡率与气候之间的关系变化来解释。为了进一步了解负责 C体形演变的过程。 viridis ，我检查了岛上和大陆人群之间的体型变化模式。我发现所有三个岛屿的人口都明显少于附近的大陆人口。

著录项

  • 作者

    Ashton, Kyle G.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Colorado at Boulder.;

  • 授予单位 University of Colorado at Boulder.;
  • 学科 Biology Ecology.; Biology Zoology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2001
  • 页码 361 p.
  • 总页数 361
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 生态学（生物生态学）;动物学;
  • 关键词

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