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Prairie restoration as weed control and weed control in prairie restoration.

机译：草原恢复作为杂草控制和草原恢复中的杂草控制。

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Current methods of controlling weeds in non-cropland often preclude the management of such areas for conservation of biological diversity. It may, however, be possible to control weeds, which are adapted to high resource availability, by restoring native late-successional plant communities, which tend to reduce resource availability. To test this hypothesis, I examined weed invasion in randomized plots of restored prairie and unrestored old-field vegetation. Over 7 years, restoration reduced the total biomass of extant weed species by 94%, and significantly reduced stem number of five extant weed species. In order to control for differences in propagule pressure and examine mechanism(s) underlying weed responses, I added weed species to subplots within restoration treatments, and treated subplots with all combinations of burning and N addition. Restoration reduced total added weed biomass by 93% in year one and 76% in year two, and reduced biomass of 6 individual weed species. Several lines of evidence suggest that prairie reduced weed invasion through competition and/or recruitment limitation, including characteristics of restored prairie (high biomass, high litter mass, low light availability), decreases in numbers and size of weeds with restoration, and amelioration of negative effects of restoration on weed species with N addition and burning. These results suggest that well established restored prairie can control a broad array of weed species. Shortly after restoration, however, resource levels are higher, and fast growing weed species often impede the establishment of prairie species. A potential solution to this problem is to approximate a late successional environment by adding C to the soil, thereby inducing soil microorganisms to immobilize available N. I tested this hypothesis by comparing the productivity of 10 weed species and 10 tallgrass prairie species under 14 levels of C addition. Relative to untreated plots, the highest level of C addition resulted in an 86% decrease in available NO3-N, a 14-fold increase in early-season light availability, a 54% decrease in weed biomass, and a 7-fold increase in prairie biomass. Nitrogen addition significantly reduced or reversed all of these effects. Results indicate that C addition can facilitate prairie restoration.
机译：当前非农地防除杂草的方法通常排除了对此类区域进行管理以保护生物多样性的权利。但是，有可能通过恢复当地的后期成功植物群落来控制适应高资源利用的杂草，这往往会减少资源的利用。为了检验这一假设，我检查了随机分布的恢复的草原和未恢复的老田植被中的杂草入侵情况。经过7年的恢复，现存杂草物种的总生物量减少了94％，并显着减少了5种现存杂草物种的茎数。为了控制繁殖压力的差异并检查杂草反应的潜在机制，我在恢复处理中的子图中添加了杂草种类，并使用燃烧和氮添加的所有组合处理了子图。恢复后，第一年杂草总添加量减少了93％，第二年杂草减少了76％，减少了6种杂草的生物量。有几条证据表明，草原通过竞争和/或募集限制减少了杂草的入侵，包括恢复的草原的特征（高生物量，高凋落物质量，低光照度），随恢复而减少的杂草数量和大小以及对负面影响的缓解氮添加和燃烧后对杂草物种恢复的影响这些结果表明，完善的恢复大草原可以控制多种杂草。然而，恢复后不久，资源水平更高，杂草物种的快速生长通常会阻碍草原物种的建立。解决此问题的一种潜在方法是在土壤中添加C来近似晚继环境，从而诱导土壤微生物固定可用的氮。我通过比较10种杂草和10种高草草原物种在14种磷水平下的生产力来检验这一假设。 C加法。相对于未处理的地块，最高水平的碳添加导致可用的NO 3 -N减少86％，早期光照的可用量增加14倍，杂草生物量减少54％ ，并使草原生物量增加7倍。氮的添加显着降低或逆转了所有这些作用。结果表明，添加C可以促进草原恢复。

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