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首页> 外文学位 >Plate Tectonics Initiation on Earth-Like Planets: Insights From Numerical and Theoretical Analysis of Convection-Induced Lithospheric Failure.
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Plate Tectonics Initiation on Earth-Like Planets: Insights From Numerical and Theoretical Analysis of Convection-Induced Lithospheric Failure.

机译：对地行星上的板块构造起始：对流引起的岩石圈破坏的数值和理论分析的启示。

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摘要

Plate tectonics is central to many aspects of the geology and evolution of terrestrial planets, yet it is only observed on the Earth while all other known planets are covered with a stagnant lithosphere. Plate motions on the Earth are mostly driven by the pull of subducting slabs, therefore understanding the initiation of subduction is crucial to understanding plate tectonics initiation. On a one-plate planet which lacks the forces due to plate motions, some other mechanisms will have to cause the first episode of subduction to mobilize the surface. Sublithospheric convection has been proposed as a possible mechanism that induce stresses in the lithosphere. The question is whether these stresses can initiate subduction. We develop scaling laws for the criterion of lithospheric failure from single-cell steady-state convection, which has more controlled flow and thus easier to analyze. We show that these scaling laws are applicable to time-dependent convection. We also investigate the time-dependent behavior of convection to understand the factors controlling the timing of lithospheric failure. We find that the variation in timing not only systematically depends on the physical parameters of the convecting mantle; for convective systems with the same set of parameters, small variations in initial conditions result in different structures of the lithosphere. This changes the stresses in the lithosphere and gives rise to different times of lithospheric failure. This study suggests that it is important to address the question of when plate tectonics can initiate on a planet, in addition to finding favorable conditions for lithospheric failure. We extrapolate the scaling laws to planetary conditions to assess the feasibility of plate tectonics for terrestrial planets, and estimate whether plate tectonics can happen in reasonable planetary lifetimes.
机译：板块构造在陆地行星的地质和演化的许多方面都至关重要，但只有在地球上才能观测到，而其他所有已知行星都被停滞的岩石圈覆盖。地球上的板块运动主要是由俯冲板块的拉动驱动的，因此，了解俯冲的开始对于理解板块构造的起关键。在由于板块运动而缺乏作用力的单板行星上，其他一些机制将不得不引起俯冲的第一阶段来移动地表。岩石圈下对流已被提出为可能引起岩石圈应力的机制。问题是这些压力是否会引发俯冲。我们根据单细胞稳态对流开发了岩石圈破坏判据的定标定律，该定律具有更受控的流量，因此更易于分析。我们证明了这些缩放定律适用于与时间有关的对流。我们还研究对流的时间依赖性行为，以了解控制岩石圈破裂时机的因素。我们发现，时间的变化不仅系统地取决于对流地幔的物理参数；而且对于具有相同参数集的对流系统，初始条件的微小变化会导致岩石圈的结构不同。这改变了岩石圈中的应力，并引起岩石圈破裂的不同时间。这项研究表明，除了寻找有利于岩石圈破裂的条件外，解决板块构造何时可以在行星上开始的问题也很重要。我们将比例定律外推到行星条件，以评估板块构造对于陆地行星的可行性，并估计板块构造是否可以在合理的行星寿命内发生。

著录项

  • 作者

    Wong, Teresa.;

  • 作者单位

    Washington University in St. Louis.;

  • 授予单位 Washington University in St. Louis.;
  • 学科 Plate tectonics.;Geophysics.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2016
  • 页码 168 p.
  • 总页数 168
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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