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Communal enterprises, sustainable development and the alleviation of poverty in rural Andean communities (Ecuador, Peru).

机译：社区企业，可持续发展和安第斯农村社区（秘鲁厄瓜多尔）的贫困减轻。

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In the effort to alleviate poverty, multilateral organizations and international aid agencies from industrial countries have been involved over the last fifty years in the non-industrialized world, including Latin America and the Andes. However, despite good intentions the approach has usually been paternalistic, seeking even if unintentionally cultural assimilation and ignoring the strength of indigenous institutions and knowledge (including environmental knowledge). This in turn, according to a World Bank report (1998), has contributed to worsening poverty, social marginalization and environmental degradation. The link between poverty, environment and development has been highlighted by the World Commission on Environment and Development (1987). The Commission proposed the term ‘sustainable development’ as a framework to integrate and reconcile economic success and environmental protection over the long run.; Research into income generation programs among poor populations illustrates the importance of integrating cultural values into the design of entrepreneurial activities (Taub 1998, Rahman 1999, Light 1998). Recent literature in entrepreneurship calls attention to the need for more cross-cultural research (Bull 1997, Johanninson 1996, Holt 1997, Tsang 1997, Peterson 1988) and the need to look at community issues (Boyett and Finlay 1995, Cornwall 1998, Onyx and Bullen 2000, Lietka 2000). It is argued that the goal of entrepreneurial activity should not only be independent income and social mobility, but also the creation of the ability to strengthen families and rebuild communities.; The main premise of this research is that authentic development must come from the people themselves and that one of the most fundamental challenges for organizations and policy-makers is to incorporate the diversity of cultures as well as the diversity of economic and social systems into their policies.; This study focuses particularly on indigenous peasants in the Andean region of Latin America. It looks at indigenous peoples' alternatives and challenges with regard to the issue of sustainability. Specifically, the study (1) analyzes selected collective enterprises of indigenous peoples of the Andean region, and (2) identifies those internal and external factors within the given communities that facilitate or inhibit a process of sustainable development.; Conceptually, this research is interdisciplinary and draws on my studies in the areas of entrepreneurship, environmental management and development studies, as well as my background in anthropology. Methodologically, this research is qualitative and inductive in nature. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
机译：为了减轻贫困，过去五十年来，工业国家的多边组织和国际援助机构参与了包括拉丁美洲和安第斯山脉在内的非工业化世界。然而，尽管有良好的意愿，但这种方法通常是家长式的，即使是无意间的文化同化，也忽略了土著机构和知识（包括环境知识）的力量。根据世界银行的报告（1998），这反过来又加剧了贫困，社会边缘化和环境恶化。世界环境与发展委员会（1987）已经强调了贫困，环境与发展之间的联系。欧盟委员会提出“可持续发展”一词，作为长期整合和协调经济成功与环境保护的框架。对贫困人口创收计划的研究表明，将文化价值观纳入企业家活动的设计中非常重要（Taub 1998，Rahman 1999，Light 1998）。近期关于企业家精神的文献呼吁人们关注对更多跨文化研究的需求（Bull 1997，Johanninson 1996，Holt 1997，Tsang 1997，Peterson 1988）以及研究社区问题的需求（Boyett和Finlay 1995，Cornwall 1998，Onyx和Bullen 2000，Lietka 2000）。有人认为，企业家活动的目标不仅应是独立的收入和社会流动性，而且还应建立加强家庭和重建社区的能力。这项研究的主要前提是，真正的发展必须来自人民本身，而组织和政策制定者最根本的挑战之一就是将文化的多样性以及经济和社会制度的多样性纳入其政策中。 。;这项研究特别关注拉丁美洲安第斯地区的土著农民。它着眼于可持续发展问题上土著人民的替代方案和挑战。具体而言，该研究（1）分析了安第斯地区土著人民的选定集体企业，并且（2）确定了给定社区中促进或抑制可持续发展进程的那些内部和外部因素;从概念上讲，这项研究是跨学科的，它借鉴了我在企业家精神，环境管理和发展研究领域的研究以及我的人类学背景。从方法上讲，这项研究本质上是定性和归纳的。 （摘要由UMI缩短。）

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