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首页> 外文学位 >When do NGOs make differences in world politics? An analysis of the United States NGO policy advocacy for international environmental treaties.
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When do NGOs make differences in world politics? An analysis of the United States NGO policy advocacy for international environmental treaties.

机译：非政府组织什么时候在世界政治上有所作为？分析了美国非政府组织对国际环境条约的政策倡导。

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摘要

This study aims at analyzing the major determinant factor of success and failure in the efforts of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to influence international environmental policy outcomes. Given the growing role and impact of NGOs in world affairs, it is interesting and important to specify the conditions under which the NGOs make differences in world politics. Among many different areas and levels of NGO involvement in world politics, this study focuses on examining policy advocacy of the U.S. environmental NGOs to shape their government's policy regarding two international environmental treaties---the Montreal Protocol (1987) for ozone layer protection and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992).; Drawn largely from three bodies of literature, this study probes three factors conditioning the efficacy of NGO policy advocacy. The first factor, suggested by the pluralist interest group theory and the resource mobilization theory of social movements, concerns the human and organizational resources of the NGOs. Four elements of NGO resources---memberships, revenues, leaderships, and expertise---are analyzed. The second and third factors are pertinent to what the political process approach to social movements calls the political opportunity structure. The second factor is an availability of NGO access to policy-making processes, while the third factor is a configuration of allies and opponents within the policy networks concerned with each issue. For the access factor, this study examines degrees of NGO access to both the legislative and executive branches of the U.S. federal government in each case. For the alliance and opposition configuration, this study measures and compares the degrees of support/opposition displayed by major participants in policy deliberations of each issue toward NGO advocacy.; The analysis shows that while the resource and access factors have not much affected the efficacy of NGO advocacy reflected in the two environmental treaties, the configuration of allies and opponents played a crucial role. Based on these findings, this study makes some theoretical suggestions for future studies of NGO policy advocacy and also practical suggestions for more effective NGO advocacy.
机译：本研究旨在分析非政府组织影响国际环境政策成果的努力中成败的主要决定因素。鉴于非政府组织在世界事务中的作用和影响越来越大，确定非政府组织在世界政治中产生差异的条件是有趣而重要的。非政府组织参与世界政治的许多不同领域和程度，本研究着重于研究美国环境非政府组织的政策倡导，以制定政府关于两项国际环境条约的政策，《蒙特利尔议定书》（1987年）涉及保护臭氧层和《联合国气候变化框架公约》（1992年）。这项研究主要来自三个文献，探讨了三个因素，这些因素制约了NGO政策倡导的有效性。多元利益集团理论和社会运动的资源动员理论提出的第一个因素涉及非政府组织的人力和组织资源。分析了非政府组织资源的四个要素-成员资格，收入，领导力和专业知识。第二和第三个因素与社会运动的政治过程方法称为政治机会结构有关。第二个因素是非政府组织能否参与决策过程，而第三个因素是与每个问题有关的政策网络中盟友和反对者的配置。对于访问因素，本研究研究了每种情况下非政府组织访问美国联邦政府立法和行政部门的程度。对于联盟和反对派的配置，本研究测量并比较了主要参与者在针对非政府组织倡导的每个问题的政策审议中所显示的支持/反对程度。分析表明，尽管资源和获取因素并没有很大程度地影响这两个环境条约所反映的非政府组织宣传的效力，但盟友和反对者的配置起着至关重要的作用。基于这些发现，本研究为非政府组织政策倡导的未来研究提供了一些理论建议，并为更有效的非政府组织倡导提供了实践建议。

著录项

  • 作者

    Kim, Young Ho.;

  • 作者单位

    The Ohio State University.;

  • 授予单位 The Ohio State University.;
  • 学科 Political Science International Law and Relations.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2001
  • 页码 210 p.
  • 总页数 210
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 国际法;
  • 关键词

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