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The sources and characteristics of atmospheric particulates during the wet and dry seasons in Hong Kong.

机译：香港雨季和旱季的大气颗粒物来源和特征。

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摘要

Air pollution is a serious problem in Hong Kong due to the very high density of diesel powered engines and population as well as the geographical location, which places it under the significant influence of the Asian monsoon with the SW summer monsoon bringing clean oceanic aerosols and the NE winter monsoon bringing polluted continental emissions.; To better characterize and obtain a picture of aerosol sources and transport, various techniques, including organic and inorganic tracers, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) micrographs, and lead isotopes in TSP (total suspended particulates) and size-fractionated aerosols, were applied in this study. The concentration and composition of aerosols in Hong Kong were significantly influenced by the large-scale meteorological patterns. In the wet season, lower levels were possibly due to greater precipitation, better dispersion, and significant contributions from coarse particles from the sea. Higher concentrations of crustal, flyash, pollution, and plant-wax materials were observed in the dry season. Examining chemical species in different sizes indicated the change of aerosol sources from the local sources in Hong Kong in the wet season to more aggregated materials in the transition period, and to stronger pollution emissions from the Asian continent in the dry season.; Conventional factor analysis and chemical mass balance methods identified the sources of Hong Kong aerosols as marine, crustal, oil burning, coal, and incineration. The contributions from pollution and loess increased in the dry season. Oil burning was a stable factor and persisted through the wet and dry seasons, indicating that it was mainly from local sources.; The majority of the mass of fine particle pollution elements such as Pb, Sb, and V was removed by wet scavenging, while dry and wet deposition were important for the coarser marine and crustal elements. Particle size as well as meteorological conditions can affect deposition velocities and dry fluxes. By comparing the direct and indirect or modeled fluxes, which differed by a factor of 7, a “bucket effect” was suggested to be responsible for the higher measured fluxes for pollution elements.
机译：空气污染在香港是一个严重的问题，因为柴油发动机和人口密度很高，而且地理位置优越，这使其受到亚洲季风的重大影响，夏季西南季风带来了清洁的海洋气溶胶和空气污染。东北冬季风带来污染的大陆排放。为了更好地表征和获得气溶胶来源和运输的图像，在此应用了各种技术，包括有机和无机示踪剂，SEM（扫描电子显微镜）显微照片以及TSP（总悬浮颗粒）和大小分级的气溶胶中的铅同位素。研究。香港的气溶胶浓度和组成受到大规模气象模式的显着影响。在雨季，较低的水位可能是由于更大的降水，更好的分散性以及来自海洋的粗颗粒的显着贡献。在干旱季节观测到较高的地壳，飞灰，污染和植物蜡物质。检查了不同大小的化学物种后，表明在湿润季节，香港本地气溶胶来源已转变为过渡时期聚集更多的物质，而在旱季，亚洲大陆的污染物排放量有所增加。常规因素分析和化学物质平衡方法确定了香港气溶胶的来源，包括海洋，地壳，石油燃烧，煤炭和焚化。在旱季，污染和黄土的贡献增加了。燃油燃烧是一个稳定的因素，并且在潮湿和干燥的季节都持续存在，这表明它主要来自当地。湿法清除了大部分的细颗粒污染元素，例如Pb，Sb和V，而干湿沉降对于较粗糙的海洋和地壳元素很重要。粒径以及气象条件会影响沉积速度和干通量。通过比较直接通量和间接通量或建模通量（相差7倍），建议使用“桶效应”来衡量污染元素的较高通量。

著录项

  • 作者

    Zheng, Mei.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Rhode Island.;

  • 授予单位 University of Rhode Island.;
  • 学科 Physics Atmospheric Science.; Environmental Sciences.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2000
  • 页码 378 p.
  • 总页数 378
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 大气科学（气象学）;环境科学基础理论;
  • 关键词

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