A new type of gyrotron amplifier, the Phase-coherent Harmonic-multiplying Inverted Gyro-twystron (phigtron) is studied theoretically and experimentally. In the two-stage version (version 1), the phigtron is composed of an input waveguide and an output cavity separated by a drift section. A theory is developed which demonstrates the axial mode-locking and the parametric instabilities of radiation when a beam of gyrating electrons can resonate simultaneously with several axial modes. Theoretical predictions are compared with the two-stage harmonic-multiplying, inverted gyrotwystron experiment. In this experiment, an open waveguide operating at frequencies close to cut-off is used as a resonator. In the resonator, modes with the same transverse structure but different axial structures can be excited. The width of the resonance curves of these modes broadens as the number of axial variations grows. This leads to overlapping of the curves. As a result, phase locking of such modes may occur. Such phase-locked operation in a set of modes with overlapping resonance curves can significantly enlarge the bandwidth of gyrodevices. Furthermore, the technique may be broadly applicable to other devices which employ output cavities.; In a three-stage version (version II), the phigtron is composed of an input waveguide, a bunching cavity, and an output cavity separated by drift sections. The experimental results show that the three-stage phigtron has the potential of becoming a high average, high peak power millimeter wave amplifier with good efficiency, high gain, compact driver and medium bandwidth for radar and other advanced applications. At optimized operating statuses, a efficiency of 35%, a gain of 30dB, a peak power of 720kW, and a phase stability of 0.0267°/Volt are achieved, which is state-of-the-art for gyrotron amplifier. The generalized theory of the inverted gyrotwystron, is modified and applied to its simulation. Its results predict a highly efficient (38%) operation of the inverted gyrotwystron, which is consistent with the experiment very well. Its phase stability, output power frequency response, drive and gain properties, electron bunching properties, and electron energy modulation along axial distance are also investigated and shown in this dissertation.; To improve the performance of existing phigtron, an upgraded design with efficiency of >30%, gain of 30dB, bandwidth of 2%–3%, and peak output power of 1MW, is presented. In this design, a frequency-independent input coupler is designed as an input section; a clustered - cavity TE is used as a buncher cavity to expand the operating bandwidth of the phigtron; an Extended Interaction Cavity (EIC) structure is used as the output section to match the wide-band requirement of the input section.
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机译：从理论和实验上研究了一种新型的回旋管放大器，即相干谐波倍频倒置陀螺回旋管。在两级版本中（第1版），电子短管加速器由输入波导和由漂移部分隔开的输出腔组成。发展了一种理论，证明了当一束旋转电子束可以同时与几种轴向模态共振时，轴向模态锁定和辐射的参数不稳定性。将理论预测值与两阶段谐波倍增，反旋回旋加速器实验进行了比较。在该实验中，将工作在接近截止频率的开放波导用作谐振器。在谐振器中，可以激发具有相同横向结构但轴向结构不同的模式。这些模式的共振曲线的宽度随着轴向变化量的增加而加宽。这导致曲线重叠。结果，可能发生这种模式的锁相。具有共振曲线重叠的一组模式中的这种锁相操作可以显着增大陀螺仪设备的带宽。此外，该技术可以广泛地应用于采用输出腔的其他设备。在三阶段版本（版本II）中，电子短管加速器由输入波导，聚束腔和由漂移部分分隔的输出腔组成。实验结果表明，该三段式电子加速器有潜力成为具有高效率，高增益，紧凑型驱动器和中等带宽的高平均，高峰值功率毫米波放大器，可用于雷达和其他高级应用。在优化的运行状态下，可获得最先进的效率35％，增益30dB，峰值功率720kW和相位稳定性0.0267°/ Volt 用于回旋放大器。修改了反旋回旋管的广义理论，并将其应用于其仿真。其结果表明，反向回旋速调管将高效运行（38％），与实验非常吻合。本文还研究了其相位稳定性，输出功率频率响应，驱动和增益特性，电子成束特性以及沿轴向距离的电子能量调制。为了提高现有phigtron的性能，提出了一种升级设计，其效率> 30％，增益为30dB，带宽为2％–3％，峰值输出功率为1MW。在该设计中，将频率无关的输入耦合器设计为输入部分。使用集群-腔 TE 作为集束腔以扩展电子短管的工作带宽；扩展交互腔（EIC）结构用作输出部分，以匹配输入部分的宽带要求。
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