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Cognitive expertise in database design.

机译：数据库设计方面的认知专业知识。

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Business databases are key to the support of organizational life. However, many database designs prove unsuccessful or require extensive maintenance once implemented. A critical part of database design is understanding what users will want the database to do. Yet, little is known about how database designers acquire this information and about what contributes to designer performance during this design stage. Understanding database requirements enjoins the designer to understand the user's world in addition to mastering database design methodology. It is thus posited that the designer must have some minimal expertise to process requirements correctly. Since expertise is domain specific, the research seeks to understand the impact of different knowledge domains, the database domain and the business domain, on designer performance.; Drawing mainly from the literature in cognitive psychology, expertise, database design, and cognitive sciences, two knowledge structures were identified that can help measure expertise and explain differences in performance among designers: schemata and scripts. Schemata correspond to a data view of the users' world, scripts correspond to a process view of that world. The research used a sample of fifty-six database designers, comprising database design practitioners and graduate students to study the impact of these different knowledge structures on designer performance. All subjects were given a complex business case and asked to produce a database conceptual design.; Three dimensions of performance were studied: time to understand, time to solve, and solution quality. Results suggested that none of the domains of knowledge, when taken alone, was sufficient to produce quality designs. Results also suggested that database schemata combined with database and business expertise was found detrimental to quality.; The implications of the research are in the areas of education, training, design methodology, group formation, and design supporting technologies.
机译：业务数据库是支持组织生活的关键。但是，许多数据库设计一旦实现便证明是不成功的或需要大量维护。数据库设计的关键部分是了解用户将要数据库做什么。但是，对于数据库设计人员如何获取此信息以及在此设计阶段对设计人员的性能有何贡献的了解甚少。除了掌握数据库设计方法之外，了解数据库要求还要求设计人员了解用户的世界。因此，假定设计人员必须具有一些最少的专业知识才能正确处理需求。由于专业知识是特定领域的，因此该研究旨在了解不同知识领域，数据库领域和业务领域对设计人员性能的影响。主要从认知心理学，专业知识，数据库设计和认知科学方面的文献中吸取经验，确定了两个知识结构，可以帮助衡量专业知识并解释设计师之间的性能差异：图解和脚本。模式对应于用户世界的数据视图，脚本对应于用户世界的过程视图。该研究使用了56名数据库设计师的样本，其中包括数据库设计从业人员和研究生，以研究这些不同知识结构对设计师绩效的影响。给所有受试者一个复杂的商业案例，并要求他们进行数据库概念设计。研究了绩效的三个方面：理解时间，解决时间和解决方案质量。结果表明，单独使用知识领域不足以产生高质量的设计。结果还表明，发现数据库模式与数据库和业务专业知识相结合会损害质量。该研究的意义在于教育，培训，设计方法论，团队形成和设计支持技术领域。

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