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首页> 外文学位 >Time-integrated contaminant monitoring in an aquatic ecosystem using semipermeable membrane devices and Dreissena polymorpha.
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Time-integrated contaminant monitoring in an aquatic ecosystem using semipermeable membrane devices and Dreissena polymorpha.

机译：使用半透膜设备和多形果蝇（Dreissena polymorpha）在水生生态系统中进行时间综合污染物监测。

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Traditional monitoring techniques use grab samples to characterize chemical contamination in biota, sediment, and water. Grab samples are inadequate to detect contaminant pulses that may occur between samples. Traditional monitoring neither provides biological endpoints such as survival, growth, and reproduction to evaluate ecosystem status nor evaluates the impact of a suite of contaminants on biota.; Simultaneous exposure of Semipermeable Membrane Devices (SPMDs) and D. polymorpha was used to compare time-integrated concentrations of chlorinated pesticides in a diked marsh and a bay area at Winous Point, Ohio. The bay site was downstream from the County Line Landfill and a 1997 dredging operation. The marsh sites were subject to drainage from agricultural fields.; Mussel growth, lipid content, and survival (n = 685) were determined. Sorption constants were measured for simultaneously detected contaminants. Reductions in mussel growth and survival were associated with high TSS loads and multiple contaminant detections in water at the parts per trillion level. Chlorinated pesticides were analyzed in the water, sediment, and in mussel tissue. SPMD-derived water concentrations and mussel tissue concentrations were used to calculate bioconcentration factors. Survival and growth rates were lowest at the two sites closest to agricultural drainage. Sorption constants (BCF) were determined for p,p'-DDT, p,p' -DDD, aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, and heptachlor epoxide. Calculated values differed 1--50% from those reported in the literature.; The results suggest that time-integrated monitoring with SPMDs and a biomonitor provides more information about ecosystem status than chemical analysis based on grab samples and integrates the impact of a suite of contaminants on biota.
机译：传统的监测技术使用抓取样本来表征生物群，沉积物和水中的化学污染。抓取样品不足以检测样品之间可能发生的污染脉冲。传统监测既不能提供生存，生长和繁殖等生物学指标来评估生态系统状况，也无法评估一系列污染物对生物群的影响。同时暴露半透膜装置（SPMDs）和多形藻（D. polymorpha），用于比较俄亥俄州Winous Point堤防沼泽和海湾地区氯农药的时间积分浓度。海湾站点位于县线垃圾填埋场和1997年的疏a作业的下游。沼泽地要经过农田排水。确定贻贝的生长，脂质含量和存活率（n = 685）。测量同时检测到的污染物的吸附常数。贻贝生长和存活率的降低与高TSS负荷和水中万亿分之几水平的多种污染物检测有关。在水，沉积物和贻贝组织中分析了氯化农药。使用SPMD得出的水浓度和贻贝组织浓度来计算生物浓缩因子。在距农业排水最近的两个地点，生存率和增长率最低。确定p，p'-DDT，p，p'-DDD，艾氏剂，狄氏剂，七氯和七氯环氧化物的吸附常数（BCF）。计算值与文献报道的值相差1--50％。结果表明，与基于抓取样本的化学分析相比，使用SPMD和生物监控器进行时间集成的监控可提供有关生态系统状态的更多信息，并整合了一系列污染物对生物群的影响。

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