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Understanding mechanisms of potato cold hardiness by merging physiological, genetic and molecular approaches.

机译：通过结合生理，遗传和分子方法，了解马铃薯抗寒性的机制。

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While cultivated potatoes are frost sensitive, many wild Solanum species are known to be frost hardy. This diversity provides an ideal model system to study freezing tolerance and cold acclimation mechanisms. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of potato cold response by utilizing physiological, genetic and molecular approaches.;We studied two factors that contribute to frost survival: rate of cold acclimation and deacclimation. Results demonstrated differences in the rates of cold acclimation among wild potatoes: the species studied can be divided into: (i) early acclimators; (ii) late acclimators; (iii) progressive acclimators; (iv) nonacclimators. Variability was also found in the rate of cold deacclimation. We also found that the rates of cold acclimation and deacclimation were not related to the cold acclimation capacity of a given species.;To provide insights into the genetics of freezing tolerance and cold acclimation in potato and contribute valuable information for potato improvement via marker assisted selection, a partial genetic linkage map was constructed using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) in a backcross population derived from two wild diploid potato species (frost tolerant acclimating S. commersonii and frost sensitive nonacclimating S. cardiophyllum). The linkage map spanned 479.4 cM, including 77 RAPD markers and two SSR markers. Quantitative trait loci for nonacclimated relative freezing tolerance (NARFT) and cold acclimation capacity (CAC) were detected at separate regions. NARFT and CAC were poorly correlated. These results agree with previous studies reporting cold hardiness as polygenic trait and that these two traits have independent genetic control.;Previous studies revealed an increase in linoleate in the purified plasma membrane fraction of potato leaves during cold acclimation, suggesting that the activity of specific desaturases may be modulated during cold acclimation. Desaturase Delta9 gene expression was studied before and after cold acclimation in cultivated S. and wild S. commersonii at the transcript level. While S. commersonii exhibited an increase in Delta9 desaturase transcript levels after cold acclimation, S. tuberosum exhibited no change. These results show that the increase in Delta9 desaturase gene transcripts during cold acclimation is associated with potato cold acclimation response.
机译：尽管栽培马铃薯对霜冻敏感，但许多野生茄科植物都具有抗霜冻能力。这种多样性为研究耐冻性和冷驯化机制提供了理想的模型系统。这项研究的目的是通过利用生理，遗传和分子方法更好地了解马铃薯的冷反应。我们研究了两个有助于霜冻存活的因素：冷驯化率和去驯化率。结果表明，野生马铃薯的冷驯化速率有所不同：所研究的物种可分为：（i）早期驯化； （ii）后期适应者； （iii）渐进式适应器； （iv）不适应。冷去适应的速率也存在差异。我们还发现冷驯化和去驯化的速率与给定物种的冷驯化能力无关。;为了深入了解马铃薯的耐寒性和冷驯化的遗传学，并通过标记辅助选择为马铃薯改良提供有价值的信息，使用随机扩增的多态性DNA（RAPD）和简单序列重复（SSR）在来自两个野生二倍体马铃薯物种（耐霜冻适应性沙门氏菌和对霜冻敏感的非适应性沙门氏菌）的回交种群中构建了部分遗传连锁图。连锁图跨越479.4 cM，包括77个RAPD标记和两个SSR标记。在不同区域检测到非适应性相对抗冻性（NARFT）和冷适应能力（CAC）的数量性状基因座。 NARFT和CAC的相关性很差。这些结果与以前的研究报道的抗寒性是多基因性状一致，并且这两个性状具有独立的遗传控制。先前的研究表明，在冷驯化过程中，马铃薯叶片的纯化质膜部分中的亚油酸含量增加，表明特定的去饱和酶活性在冷驯化过程中可能会受到调节。在转录水平上，在培养的沙门氏菌和野生沙门氏菌中进行冷驯化前后，研究了去饱和酶Delta9基因的表达。冷驯化后，沙门氏菌显示出Delta9脱氢酶转录水平的增加，而马铃薯则没有变化。这些结果表明冷驯化过程中Delta9去饱和酶基因转录本的增加与马铃薯的冷驯化反应有关。

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