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Water quality factors influencing iron and lead corrosion in drinking water.

机译：影响饮用水中铁和铅腐蚀的水质因素。

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摘要

Corrosion is one of the most complicated and costly problems facing drinking water utilities. Corrosion of iron pipes can lead to economic losses and customer complaints, while lead corrosion poses a serious health risk.;This work first synthesizes nearly 100 years of iron corrosion research to provide the water industry with an updated understanding of factors that influence iron pipe corrosion including water quality and composition, flow conditions, biological activity, and corrosion inhibitors. Potential impacts of upcoming regulations on iron corrosion are also considered. Next, a four-year study is presented that evaluated the effect of water quality and phosphate inhibitors on the corrosion of iron pipes under extended stagnant water conditions. Surprisingly, many of the water quality parameters traditionally thought to influence iron corrosion were not controlling under these "worst case" stagnant conditions. Moreover, addition of phosphate inhibitors often had either no statistically significant effect or actually increased iron concentration, scale build-up and overall weight loss.;Temperature is often overlooked when corrosion of distribution systems pipes is considered. Temperature impacts many parameters that are critical to pipe corrosion including physical properties of the solution, thermodynamic and physical properties of corrosion scale, chemical rates, and biological activity. Moreover, variations in temperature and temperature gradients may give rise to new corrosion phenomena worthy of consideration by water treatment personnel. In laboratory experiments, cast iron samples at 5°C had 23% more weight loss, ten times higher iron release to water, and twice as much tuberculation compared to samples at 25°C.;For lead corrosion, hexametaphosphate inhibitors were proven to increase release of both particulate and soluble lead to drinking water by 200--3500% over a wide range of water qualities when compared to orthophosphate, effectively ending a long term debate as to their impacts. Utilities should consider these adverse effects whenever polyphosphate is used to prevent scaling or iron precipitation.
机译：腐蚀是饮用水企业面临的最复杂和最昂贵的问题之一。铁管腐蚀会导致经济损失和客户投诉，同时铅腐蚀带来严重的健康风险。这项工作首先综合了将近100年的铁腐蚀研究，以使水行业对影响铁管腐蚀的因素有最新的了解包括水质和成分，流量条件，生物活性和缓蚀剂。还考虑了即将颁布的法规对铁腐蚀的潜在影响。接下来，提出了一项为期四年的研究，评估了水质和磷酸盐抑制剂对长时间停滞的水质条件下铁管腐蚀的影响。令人惊讶的是，许多传统上认为会影响铁腐蚀的水质参数在这些“最坏情况”的停滞条件下并未得到控制。而且，添加磷酸盐抑制剂通常没有统计学上的显着效果，或者实际上没有增加铁的浓度，结垢和总体重量损失。当考虑配电系统管道的腐蚀时，温度经常被忽略。温度会影响许多对管道腐蚀至关重要的参数，包括溶液的物理性质，腐蚀垢的热力学和物理性质，化学速率和生物活性。此外，温度和温度梯度的变化可能会引起新的腐蚀现象，值得水处理人员考虑。在实验室实验中，与25°C的样品相比，在5°C的铸铁样品的重量损失增加了23％，铁在水中的释放量增加了十倍，结节率也提高了两倍。与正磷酸盐相比，在多种水质中，微粒和可溶性污染物的释放都会导致饮用水的200--3500％，有效地结束了对其影响的长期争论。每当使用多磷酸盐防止结垢或铁沉淀时，公用事业公司应考虑这些不利影响。

著录项

  • 作者

    McNeill, Laurie S.;

  • 作者单位

    Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.;

  • 授予单位 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.;
  • 学科 Engineering Civil.;Engineering Environmental.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2000
  • 页码 115 p.
  • 总页数 115
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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