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Deep underground hard-rock mining: Issues, strategies, and alternatives.

机译：地下深层硬岩开采：问题，策略和替代方案。

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摘要

Underground hard-rock mining is an important segment of the Canadian mining industry. Its survival, however, is being threatened by both external and internal forces. In the external front, low cost producers such as local open-pit mines and foreign operators keep raising their production rates and lowering the price of hard-rock mining commodities. Internally, ever-increasing depth of mining of existing underground operations and the depth of the new discoveries mean higher capital and operating costs.; This research has identified five factors that most critically affect the profitability of deep underground hard-rock mining: vertical ore and waste transport; horizontal ore and waste transport; ventilation; mine development; and personnel and materials distribution. Each of such factors has been analyzed, theoretically and through two case studies, in order to determine their relative strategic significance. Solutions to the problems currently being faced by deep mine operators have been discussed as well.; Strategic analyses indicate that deep mines can be designed and planned so that their profitability is not seriously affected by such factors. Solutions to ventilation and vertical and horizontal transport problems are strongly influenced by technological innovation (air conditioning, automation, slurry pumping, etc.), reducing the ability of the operator to strategically address them. On the other hand, hard-rock mine development is a critical phase of the ore production process that cannot be carried out by automated or continuous equipment. It requires careful design and planning and, thus, has a very high strategic component. Decisions made at the development stage have profound effect on the economics of an operation over its entire productive life. The case studies included in this thesis emphasize the importance of properly evaluating mine development alternatives, particularly in the areas of equipment selection and opening design (e.g., cross-sectional area and inter-level spacing). Given the sizeable resources and long periods devoted to mine development, it also has a significant economic impact by itself, and usually constitutes the limiting factor in production rate determination.; The economic evaluation of the mining scenarios constructed as part of the second case study clearly indicates that production cost by itself is not a sound parameter for the evaluation of the economic performance of a mining operation. It also showed the benefits of using discounted cash flow methods techniques and demonstrated the existence of a mine development configuration which results in a production plan that maximizes the return on the investment.; Finally, the need for and main characteristics of a computer-aided underground mine design and planning tool were critically discussed in this thesis. The development of the second cage study, which required the use of AutoCAD, spreadsheets, and project management programs to manipulate large quantities of data and involved calculation-intensive tasks, highlighted the complexities and interdisciplinary nature of underground mine evaluation. This type of analysis would be very beneficial to the industry, but the time and resources demanded due to the lack of proper computer tools make it impractical to carry it out routinely.
机译：地下硬岩采矿是加拿大采矿业的重要组成部分。但是，它的生存受到内外力量的威胁。在外部方面，低成本的生产商（例如本地露天矿和外国运营商）不断提高生产率，并降低硬岩采矿商品的价格。在内部，现有地下作业的开采深度和新发现的深度不断增加，意味着更高的资金和运营成本。这项研究已经确定了对深部地下硬岩采矿的利润影响最大的五个因素：垂直矿石和废物运输；水平矿石和废物运输；通风;矿山开发；以及人员和物资分配。理论上并通过两个案例研究分析了每种因素，以确定它们的相对战略意义。还讨论了深井作业者目前面临的问题的解决方案。战略分析表明，可以设计和计划深矿，以使其利润不受这些因素的严重影响。通风以及垂直和水平运输问题的解决方案受到技术创新（空调，自动化，泥浆泵等）的强烈影响，从而降低了操作员从战略上解决这些问题的能力。另一方面，硬岩矿山开发是矿石生产过程中的关键阶段，无法通过自动化或连续设备进行。它需要仔细的设计和计划，因此具有非常高的战略组成部分。在开发阶段做出的决定对运营的整个生产生命周期的经济影响深远。本文中的案例研究强调了正确评估矿山开发备选方案的重要性，尤其是在设备选择和开放设计领域（例如，截面积和层间间距）方面。鉴于有大量的资源和长期的矿山开发时间，它本身也具有重大的经济影响，通常构成确定生产率的限制因素。作为第二个案例研究的一部分而对采矿情景进行的经济评估清楚地表明，生产成本本身并不是评估采矿作业的经济绩效的可靠参数。它还显示了使用现金流量折现法技术的好处，并演示了矿山开发配置的存在，该配置可产生使投资回报最大化的生产计划。最后，对计算机辅助地下矿山设计规划工具的需求和主要特点进行了重点讨论。第二个笼子研究的开发需要使用AutoCAD，电子表格和项目管理程序来处理大量数据并涉及计算密集型任务，这突出了地下矿山评估的复杂性和跨学科性质。这种分析将对行业非常有益，但是由于缺乏适当的计算机工具而导致的时间和资源需求使其无法常规执行。

著录项

  • 作者

    Pareja, Lucio David.;

  • 作者单位

    Queen's University at Kingston (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 Queen's University at Kingston (Canada).;
  • 学科 Engineering Mining.; Economics Commerce-Business.; Business Administration Management.; Engineering Industrial.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2000
  • 页码 334 p.
  • 总页数 334
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 矿业工程;贸易经济;贸易经济;一般工业技术;
  • 关键词

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