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首页> 外文学位 >Response to selection and estimation of heritabilities for rapid growth in eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica, Gmelin 1791) and the use of fast growing lines to reduce susceptibility to juvenile oyster disease.
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Response to selection and estimation of heritabilities for rapid growth in eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica, Gmelin 1791) and the use of fast growing lines to reduce susceptibility to juvenile oyster disease.

机译：对东部牡蛎（Crassostrea virginica，Gmelin 1791）快速生长的遗传选择和遗传力的反应，以及使用快速生长的系来减少对少年牡蛎疾病的敏感性。

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摘要

As shellfish farmers become increasingly dependent upon hatchery-reared seed, the use of selected broodstock lines is becoming an important means of improving production traits such as growth rate and resistance to disease. Bivalve molluscs are well suited to selection programs due to their high fecundity, relatively short generation interval, and high phenotypic variation in wild populations.; Production performance in terms of growth and survival were assessed in three lines of eastern oysters selected fro rapid growth. Response to selection was positive in first generation selected progeny for all lines. Realized heritabilities for live weight ranged from 0.31 to 0.58. Narrow-sense estimates of heritability for growth traits were determined for both selected and control sub-lines. Sire-based estimates of heritability for larval shell length were 0.44 (+/-0.14) and 0.14 (+/-0.07) in the selected and unselected control sub-lines, respectively. Corresponding estimates for live weight at 7 months were 0.51 (+/-0.15) and 0.10 (+/-0.05), respectively. Assessment of genetic variation (using allozymes) revealed that selected sub-lines were generally less heterozygous than corresponding control sub-lines.; Recurring mortalities of hatchery-reared juvenile oysters, caused by Juvenile Oyster Disease (JOD), prompted a monitoring program to track growth and survival of juvenile eastern oysters. JOD induced cumulative mortality was highly correlated to mean cohort size (shell height). Sub-lines selected for rapid growth when challenged by the JOD pathogen, had consistently improved survivability compared to unselected controls.; Use of high performance lines will have obvious benefits to shellfish breeders and mariculturists by reducing the growing period required to reach market size and possibly improving hardiness as a correlated response.
机译：随着贝类养殖者越来越依赖孵化场饲养的种子，选择亲鱼系的使用正成为改善生产性状（如生长速度和抗病性）的重要手段。双壳类软体动物由于其繁殖力高，世代间隔相对较短以及在野生种群中具有较高的表型变异性，因此非常适合选择程序。在生长和存活率方面的生产性能在快速繁殖的三条东部牡蛎品系中进行了评估。在所有品系的第一代所选后代中，对选择的反应均为阳性。活重的已实现遗传力范围为0.31至0.58。对于选择的子系和对照子系，对生长性状的遗传力进行了狭义的估计。在选定的和未选定的对照子系中，基于父系的幼虫壳长度遗传力估计分别为0.44（+/- 0.14）和0.14（+/- 0.07）。 7个月活重的相应估计分别为0.51（+/- 0.15）和0.10（+/- 0.05）。遗传变异评估（使用同工酶）显示，所选子系的杂合度通常低于相应的对照子系。由少年牡蛎病（JOD）引起的孵化场饲养的牡蛎的反复死亡，促使制定了一项监测计划，以追踪东部牡蛎的生长和存活。 JOD诱发的累积死亡率与平均队列大小（壳高）高度相关。与未选择的对照相比，当被JOD病原体攻击时，为快速生长而选择的子系具有不断提高的生存能力。通过缩短达到市场规模所需的生长期并可能通过提高相关性来提高坚韧性，使用高性能系将对贝类育种者和海产养殖者具有明显的好处。

著录项

  • 作者

    Davis, Christopher Vining.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Maine.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Maine.;
  • 学科 Agriculture Animal Culture and Nutrition.; Biology Genetics.; Agriculture Fisheries and Aquaculture.; Biology Oceanography.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2000
  • 页码 143 p.
  • 总页数 143
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 饲料;遗传学;水产、渔业;海洋生物;
  • 关键词

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