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首页> 外文学位 >Acquiring people: Social organization, mobilization, and discourse on the Civil and the Martial in ancient China.
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Acquiring people: Social organization, mobilization, and discourse on the Civil and the Martial in ancient China.

机译：征服者：中国古代关于民间和武术的社会组织，动员和话语。

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摘要

This work is a study of various aspects of the Eastern Zhou concept of “acquiring people.” The hypothesis is that people were the most valuable resource during this period of constant warfare, growth and consolidation, and inter-lineage struggle. From the seventh century B.C., the scale of warfare increased dramatically, placing enormous burdens on states to field and feed larger armies, as well as engage in massive public works and defensive construction. To achieve these goals, states needed wealth and soldiers. The source of both was a large, settled, governable populace. States needed new ways to extract more resources from the land and populace they already held, and ways to increase their holdings and number of subjects. More people meant more farmers working the land to feed armies, more families paying taxes to pay for outfitting these armies, more couples producing sons to provide corvee labor and serve as conscripts. In short, human capital was the source of a state's wealth and strength.; Acquiring, settling, and employing larger and larger numbers of people required many new policies and institutions, ranging from grain relief and famine control measures to new forms of social organization and procedures for registering the population that aided mobilization for war. Behind these new political tools was an emerging ideology that categorized all such state activities into the Civil and the Martial, the wen and wu. These two spheres were inseparable halves of the Eastern Zhou political dynamic. By the fourth century B.C. the Civil and Martial were understood to alternate, the Martial being employed to subjugate unruly enemies, the Civil then being applied to settle and rule them. Such a conception represents a highly developed understanding of the coercive and psychological means of acquiring people, securing their loyalty, and employing them to the benefit of the state.
机译：这项工作是对东周“收人”概念各个方面的研究。假设是在持续不断的战争，成长和巩固以及宗族之间的斗争期间， 是最有价值的资源。从公元前七世纪开始，战争规模急剧增加，这给各州提供了巨大的负担，要求其派遣和养活更大的军队，并从事大规模的公共工程和防御性建设。为了实现这些目标，国家需要财富和士兵。两者的来源都是庞大的，定居的，可治理的民众。各国需要新的方法从已经拥有的土地和平民中提取更多资源，并需要增加其拥有量和科目数量的方法。更多的人意味着更多的农民在土地上耕作以武装军队，更多的家庭纳税以支付装备这些军队的费用，更多的夫妇生儿子以提供临时劳动并应征入伍。简而言之，人力资本是国家财富和实力的来源。获取，安置和雇用越来越多的人需要许多新的政策和机构，从粮食救济和饥荒控制措施，到新形式的社会组织和登记有助于动员战争的人口的程序。在这些新的政治工具之后，出现了一种新兴的意识形态，将所有此类国家活动划分为“公民”和“军事”，“ 温和 wu 。这两个领域是东周政治动态不可分割的两半。到公元前四世纪平民与武术被认为是交替的，武术被用来征服不守规矩的敌人，然后平民被用来定居并统治他们。这样的概念代表了对获得人民，确保人民忠诚并为国家利益雇用人民的强制和心理手段的高度发展的理解。

著录项

  • 作者

    McNeal, Robin Patrick.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Washington.;

  • 授予单位 University of Washington.;
  • 学科 History Asia Australia and Oceania.; Literature Asian.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2000
  • 页码 320 p.
  • 总页数 320
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 世界史;
  • 关键词

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