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Economic issues concerning the mobility of scientific inventions and implications for firm strategy

机译：有关科学发明的流动性及其对公司战略的影响的经济问题

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摘要

It is well recognized that there are imperfections in the market for knowledge transfer due to the nature of ideas and inventions. This is consistent with market failures commonly discussed in the economics of information literature. Some of the impediments to efficiency are examined here in three essays---one empirical, one theoretical, and one case study---all of which share the theme of scientific knowledge movement.;The first essay is empirical and measures the systematic effects of direct interaction and geographic distance between university and firm scientists on the economic performance of imported inventions. This study concludes that, with respect to licensing royalties, scientific interaction has an elasticity of approximately 3 at the mean, which is highly robust, and that distance does not have a significant effect after controlling for interaction. This suggests imperfections in the market for know-how that are sensitive to distance. The second essay is a case study of an invention from the area of robotics and control systems and augments the empirical work presented in the previous essay by illustrating specific reasons why interaction was important for the commercialization of one particular early stage invention.;The third essay develops a game theoretic model involving the strategic manipulation of incentives by an incumbent to create an 'intellectual property commons' for the purpose of preventing the commercial development of a disruptive technology that would otherwise threaten existing industry margins. The strategy of spoiling incentives to commercialize public sector scientific inventions by eliminating exclusive intellectual property rights---the strategy of the commons---is motivated by a fear of cannibalization and supported by a credible threat. It is shown that the degree of cannibalization to which the new technology exposes the old market is responsible for this market failure.
机译：众所周知，由于思想和发明的性质，知识转让市场存在缺陷。这与信息文学经济学中经常讨论的市场失灵是一致的。在本文的三篇文章中探讨了效率的一些障碍-一篇实证，一项理论和一个案例研究-所有这些都具有科学知识运动的主题。;第一篇文章是实证并衡量系统效果与公司科学家之间的直接互动和地理距离对进口发明的经济绩效的影响。这项研究得出的结论是，就许可使用费而言，科学互动的平均弹性约为3，具有很高的鲁棒性，并且在控制互动之后，距离没有显着影响。这表明市场上对距离敏感的技术不完善。第二篇文章是机器人和控制系统领域的一项发明的案例研究，通过说明交互作用对于一项特定的早期发明的商业化非常重要的具体原因，增强了上一篇文章中提出的经验工作。开发一种博弈论模型，其中涉及由在位者对激励机制进行战略性操纵以创建“知识产权共同体”，目的是防止破坏性技术的商业开发，否则该技术会威胁到现有的行业利润。通过消除专有知识产权破坏奖励措施以使公共部门科学发明商业化的策略（即公地策略）是出于对食人族的恐惧，并受到了可信威胁的支持。结果表明，新技术暴露于旧市场的同化程度是造成这种市场失灵的原因。

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  • 作者

    Agrawal, Ajay Kumar.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of British Columbia (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 The University of British Columbia (Canada).;
  • 学科 Commerce-Business.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2000
  • 页码 190 p.
  • 总页数 190
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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