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首页> 外文学位 >MEN AND WOMEN IN THE UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE SYSTEM: GENDERED EFFECTS OF THE TWO-TIERED WELFARE STATE.
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MEN AND WOMEN IN THE UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE SYSTEM: GENDERED EFFECTS OF THE TWO-TIERED WELFARE STATE.

机译：失业保险制度中的男女：两级福利国家的影响。

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Many scholars claim the two-tiered structure of the welfare state has implicitly gendered effects. In this study, I examine men's and women's access to and participation in unemployment insurance (UI), the major social insurance program available to non-aged workers. Using data from the 1990 Survey of Income and Program Participation, I estimate UI eligibility rates for men and women who have recently separated from employment, according to state-specific program guidelines. I also look at the sources of income these men and women use following a separation from employment.; I examine UI eligibility in two steps. First, I look only at eligibility requirements based on past earnings and work history, or “monetary criteria.” Second, I look at eligibility using both monetary and non-monetary criteria. The non-monetary criteria I examine include working in employment covered by the UI system, reason for leaving job, availability and ability to work, and student status. Feminist discussions of the welfare state emphasize that both monetary and non-monetary criteria work to disproportionately exclude women from the unemployment insurance program.; Surprisingly, I find no significant differences in the overall eligibility of men and women who have recently separated from employment when only monetary criteria are estimated. When I include both monetary and non-monetary criteria in the eligibility estimates, however, I find that women are far less likely to qualify for UI than men. When I examine the sources of income used by men and women following an employment separation, I find that overall, men are significantly more likely than women to use social insurance and women are significantly more likely than men to use public assistance.; These findings support feminist theories that assert the effects of the two-tiered welfare state are different for men and women. Importantly, I find that the main differences in the effects of the UI system on men and women in this sample come from the non-monetary requirements of the unemployment insurance system. I conclude by offering suggestions for policy changes that would make the effects of the system more equal for men and women.
机译：许多学者声称福利国家的两级结构具有隐性性别效应。在这项研究中，我研究了男性和女性获得和参加失业保险（UI）的情况，失业保险是针对未成年工人的主要社会保险计划。根据特定于州的计划指南，我使用1990年《收入和计划参与调查》中的数据，估算了刚脱离工作岗位的男女的UI合格率。我还将研究这些男女在离职后使用的收入来源。我分两个步骤检查UI资格。首先，我仅基于过去的收入和工作经历或“货币标准”来查看资格要求。其次，我使用货币和非货币标准来考察资格。我检查的非货币标准包括UI系统涵盖的在职工作，离职原因，可用性和工作能力以及学生身份。女权主义对福利国家的讨论强调，货币标准和非货币标准都将妇女不成比例地排除在失业保险计划之外。出乎意料的是，我发现，仅根据金钱标准估算，刚脱离工作岗位的男女在总体资格上没有显着差异。但是，当我将金钱和非金钱标准都包括在资格评估中时，我发现女性比男性更不可能获得UI资格。当我考察就业分离后男女使用的收入来源时，我发现总体而言，男性使用社会保险的可能性明显高于女性，而女性使用公共援助的可能性明显高于男性。这些发现支持女权主义理论，认为两级福利国家对男女的影响是不同的。重要的是，我发现此示例中UI系统对男女的影响的主要差异来自失业保险系统的非货币需求。最后，我提出了有关政策变更的建议，以使该制度对男人和女人的影响更加平等。

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