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首页> 外文学位 >Transmission and guiding of fast electrons through insulating nanocapillaries and comparison with ion guiding.
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Transmission and guiding of fast electrons through insulating nanocapillaries and comparison with ion guiding.

机译：快速电子通过绝缘纳米毛细管的传输和引导，并与离子引导进行比较。

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Transmission and guiding of fast electrons (500 and 1000 eV) through an insulating polyethylene terephthalate nanocapillary foil has been investigated and compared with results for slow highly charged ions. As for slow ions, guiding is attributed to charge-up of the inner walls near the capillary entrance, which, after a characteristic time, electrostatically deflects the traversing ions causing them to be guided through the sample along the capillary axis. The measurements were performed at WMU. Electron guiding is found to decrease faster with both energy and foil tilt angle than for ions. Ions lose negligible energy during the course of guiding, and, furthermore, do not appreciably change charge state. However, the spectra of transmitted electrons through the foil exhibit significant energy losses which increase with energy and tilt angle. The energy losses suggest that electrons undergo multiple elastic and inelastic scattering within the capillaries before being transmitted or lost inside the foil, a phenomenon not observed for slow ion guiding. Despite the considerable energy losses, it has been found that the inelastically as well as the elastically scattered electrons are guided through the capillaries. It is suggested that the various inelastic processes associated with electron guiding are due to insufficient deposition of electron charge on the inner walls of the capillaries to prevent a major fraction of the traversing electrons from interacting strongly with the capillary walls. These inelastic processes are also the likely cause of lower transmission intensities for electrons compared to ions. The present results indicate that electron and ion guiding are qualitatively and quantitatively different processes. When the measurements were later repeated at 500 eV using the same sample to confirm the guiding and the associated energy losses, a large reduction in the magnitude of the transmitted intensities and a greater fall-off with increasing tilt angle were observed, suggesting deterioration of the sample since the earlier work. Possible reasons for the deterioration include changes in the properties of the polymer. Studies of the same sample with fast ions show that the transmitted ions undergo significant energy losses and charge exchange within the sample, supporting deterioration of the sample.
机译：已经研究了快速电子（500和1000 eV）通过绝缘的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纳米毛细管箔的传输和引导，并将其与慢速高电荷离子的结果进行了比较。对于慢速离子，引导归因于毛细管入口附近的内壁电荷，该电荷在特定时间后会发生静电偏转，使横穿的离子沿毛细管轴被引导通过样品。测量是在WMU进行的。发现电子引导随着能量和箔倾斜角的减小都比离子更快。离子在引导过程中损失的能量可忽略不计，此外，不会明显改变电荷状态。然而，通过箔的透射电子的光谱表现出显着的能量损失，该能量损失随能量和倾斜角而增加。能量损失表明，电子在毛细管内经历了多次弹性和非弹性散射，然后在箔内部传输或丢失，这种现象在缓慢的离子引导下并未观察到。尽管能量损失很大，但是已经发现，非弹性的和弹性散射的电子被引导通过毛细管。建议与电子引导相关的各种非弹性过程是由于电子电荷在毛细管内壁上的沉积不足，从而阻止了大部分横向电子与毛细管壁强烈相互作用。与离子相比，这些非弹性过程也是电子传输强度较低的可能原因。目前的结果表明，电子和离子导向在质和量上是不同的过程。当以后使用相同的样品在500 eV下重复测量以确认引导和相关的能量损失时，观察到透射强度的大幅降低，并且随着倾斜角的增加而出现更大的下降，这表明透射率的降低。自早期工作以来的样本。劣化的可能原因包括聚合物性质的改变。对具有快速离子的同一样品的研究表明，传输的离子在样品内部经历了明显的能量损失和电荷交换，从而支持了样品的降解。

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