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Supporting pilot performance with an integrated flight path head-up display.

机译：通过集成的飞行路径平视显示器来支持飞行员的表现。

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摘要

Alternative display locations and formats have been investigated to assist pilots perform their tasks. One line of research has shown that pilots perform tasks more effectively when instruments are presented on a head-up display (HUD), helping pilots consult instruments while monitoring the outside scene. However, clutter costs have been revealed when HUDs are used, as elements from the display can mask elements outside the cockpit. Another line of research demonstrated that such costs may be eliminated with conformal elements. These symbols share characteristics (such as contours and motion) with their outside counterparts, and conformality benefits are believed to be due to the pilot's ability to see the displayed element and its counterpart as a fused object.;In the two experiments conducted here, an alternative display format (the pathway display) is tested to determine whether benefits of head-up presentation extend to virtually conformal displays. These displays present information (such as altitude) that is not visible outside the aircraft. Pathway displays graphically present the region of airspace in which the pilot is cleared to fly, and have been shown to promote accurate guidance when used in the conventional head-down location.;Because the pathway display shares motion with outside elements, it was hypothesized that a pathway HUD may enhance tracking and detection when compared to its head-down counterpart. In two experiments, performance with a HUD was compared to performance head-down, and pilots performed a series of simulated tasks in low and high visibility. The results indicate that while detection of events is generally enhanced by the HUD, tracking is influenced by the level of available visual detail when the HUD is used. When little visual detail is visible, tracking performance is equivalent between the two display locations, while the presence of elements of interest (such as airport features) was found to degrade tracking with the HUD. However, when conformal elements are present, tracking is facilitated with the HUD over the head-down location. The results are discussed in terms of space- and object-based models of attention, and future work is defined to further examine how pilots allocate their attention when using virtually conformal displays.
机译：已经研究了替代显示位置和格式，以帮助飞行员执行任务。一项研究表明，将仪器显示在平视显示器（HUD）上，飞行员可以更有效地执行任务，从而帮助飞行员在监视外部场景的同时查阅仪器。但是，当使用HUD时，已经显示出杂乱的成本，因为来自显示器的元素会掩盖驾驶舱外部的元素。另一项研究表明，使用共形元素可以消除这种成本。这些符号与其外部对应物具有共同的特征（例如轮廓和运动），并且保形性优势被认为是由于飞行员能够将显示的元素及其对应物视为融合对象而产生的；在此进行的两个实验中，测试了替代显示格式（路径显示），以确定平视演示的好处是否扩展到虚拟的保形显示。这些显示提供了飞机外部不可见的信息（例如高度）。路径显示以图形方式显示了飞行员可以飞离的空域区域，并已显示出在常规的头朝下位置使用时可促进精确的制导。由于路径显示与外部元件共享运动，因此假设与平视显示器相比，平视显示器可以增强跟踪和检测能力。在两个实验中，将HUD的性能与性能降低的情况进行了比较，并且飞行员以低可见性和高可见性执行了一系列模拟任务。结果表明，虽然通常通过HUD增强事件的检测，但是使用HUD时，跟踪受可用视觉细节级别的影响。当几乎看不到视觉细节时，两个显示位置之间的跟踪性能相当，而发现感兴趣的元素（例如机场要素）的存在会降低HUD的跟踪性能。但是，如果存在共形元素，则HUD可以在头朝下的位置进行跟踪。将根据基于空间和对象的注意力模型来讨论结果，并定义未来的工作以进一步检查飞行员在使用虚拟保形显示器时如何分配他们的注意力。

著录项

  • 作者

    Fadden, Steven.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.;

  • 授予单位 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.;
  • 学科 Psychology Experimental.;Psychology Cognitive.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1999
  • 页码 110 p.
  • 总页数 110
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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