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From visible to invisible trade barriers: A comparative study of the automobile industry in Japan and Korea.

机译：从有形贸易壁垒到无形贸易壁垒：对日本和韩国汽车工业的比较研究。

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摘要

This study seeks to explain the continuing strength of trade and investment barriers against foreign goods and companies in Japan and Korea. These barriers persist despite the increasing openness of both these economies to world trade and their joining free trade agreements. These trade barriers are no longer based on discriminatory tariffs, but include a range of non-tariff trade barriers (NTBs) created by government interventions, by the strategies of domestic firms and by consumer preferences. The importance of NTBs in limiting foreign investment and trade helps us explore the broader question of the place of national economic institutions and cultures in shaping economic development despite the homogenizing pressure of world market forces. East Asia is a region, which contains cultural and institutional divergences as well as similarities. Part of my research problem is to take account of the evident differences between East Asian nations in government-business relations, in indigenous business organizations (keiretsu and chaebol) and in consumption cultures and assess whether these differences affect the strength and characteristics of NTBs. If countries as similar as Japan and Korea in the strength of NTBs show interesting differences in the way that these are put into practice, then this provides additional evidence that local cultures and institutions have an important influence in economic development. For Japanese and Korean business and officials, NTBs are, to a considerable extent, invisible because they are part of the normal working of business and government-business relations. For foreign companies seeking to introduce their products, the NTBs are as solid as tariff barriers. For foreigners, eliminating barriers are simply a question of the good intentions of the Japanese or Korean governments. For those governments and their publics, the barriers are mainly the result of the lack of initiative, skill and commitment on the part of foreigners in marketing their products. Global markets do not, I argue, bring common global interpretations of what is meant by competition or freedom of the market.
机译：本研究旨在解释针对日本和韩国的外国商品和公司的贸易和投资壁垒的持续优势。尽管这些经济体对世界贸易和它们加入自由贸易协定的开放度日益提高，但这些障碍仍然存在。这些贸易壁垒不再基于歧视性关税，而是包括一系列由政府干预，国内企业的战略以及消费者偏好造成的非关税贸易壁垒（NTB）。尽管世界市场力量的压力是同质的，但国家贸易机构在限制外国投资和贸易中的重要性帮助我们探索了国家经济机构和文化在塑造经济发展中的地位这一更广泛的问题。东亚是一个地区，其中包含文化和制度差异以及相似之处。我的研究问题之一是要考虑东亚国家之间的政府与企业之间的关系，土著商业组织（keiretsu和chaebol）以及消费文化之间的明显差异，并评估这些差异是否会影响NTB的实力和特征。如果像日本和韩国这样的国家在非关税壁垒方面的实力表现出有趣的差异，那么这提供了更多的证据，表明本地文化和制度对经济发展具有重要影响。对于日韩企业和官员而言，NTB在很大程度上是不可见的，因为它们是企业和政府与企业关系正常工作的一部分。对于寻求引入其产品的外国公司而言，非关税壁垒与关税壁垒一样牢固。对于外国人而言，消除障碍仅仅是日本或韩国政府的良好意愿的问题。对于那些政府及其公众而言，壁垒主要是外国人在营销其产品方面缺乏主动性，技能和承诺的结果。我认为，全球市场不会带来关于市场竞争或市场自由的普遍的全球解释。

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  • 作者

    Lee, Sangmin.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Texas at Austin.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Texas at Austin.;
  • 学科 Business Administration Management.;Sociology Social Structure and Development.;Political Science General.;Economics Commerce-Business.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1999
  • 页码 324 p.
  • 总页数 324
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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