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首页> 外文学位 >Effect of spring-seeded annual medics on weed management in Zea mays production.
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Effect of spring-seeded annual medics on weed management in Zea mays production.

机译：春季播种的一年生医务人员对玉米生产中杂草管理的影响。

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Production management strategies that incorporate smother crops for weed and erosion control must be researched and developed to build a sustainable agricultural industry. Smother crops may also reduce herbicide and fertilizer applications. Alternative management systems will only be adopted by producers if crop productivity can be maintained, fit within current managements practices (or management that is considered feasible by the producers), control weeds or have other beneficial aspects, and are cost effective.; Annual Medicago species (medics) have some traits such as vigorous seedling growth and short life cycles that may allow them to be utilized for weed management in row crops. The purpose of the research was to investigate if annual medics, when used as a spring-seeded living smother crop would control weeds, not adversely effect corn (Zea mays L.) productivity, provide organic material to soil, and be similar in cost to synthetic chemical application.; Three species of annual medics Medicago truncatula Gaerth., cultivar 'Caliph' (barrel medic); Medicago polymorpha L., cultivar 'Santiago' (burr medic); and Medicago scutellata L., cultivar 'Sava' (snail medic); were evaluated in field, laboratory, and greenhouse studies at two sites during 1995--1998. In 1995 and 1996 annual medics were planted at two planting dates (about two weeks prior to average planting date for the area and at corn planting) and at two broadcast planting rates (17 kg ha-1 and 34 kg ha-1) at sites located in Brookings, SD and Sioux Center, IA. Herbicides were not applied to medic treatments and N was applied at recommended rates. The 1995 growing season was cool and wet and medic grew aggressively in well-drained sites while the 1996 growing season was warmer and drier and medic biomass was about 70% less than in 1995. Medic planted early had more biomass and ground cover than medic planted at the same time as corn, and all medic senesced by early August. Medic reduced yellow and green foxtail (Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. and S. virdis (L.) Beauv.), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) in 1995 and 1996. Medic reduced corn yield in 1995 and 1996. In 1996, the barrel medic broadcast at high rates reduced corn yield by about 30% compared to the weed-free control.; During 1996--1998 at Sioux Center, medic was banded in the row and inter-row at a rate of 20.0 kg ha-1 in the band. Corn yield was similar in the medic banded areas to yield when only herbicide was applied.; Use of enterprise budgets indicate that the medic and non medic treatments had similar profitability.; Leaf extract from three medics inhibited germination of green foxtail and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti L.) seeds, and generally did not inhibit corn seed germination. Allelopathic effect of medic on corn growth was not observed when both were grown together for six weeks in a greenhouse study.; The information gained from this research indicates that annual medics may have a very important niche in achieving more sustainable, environmentally benign crop production systems. Planting medic as a smother crop may be very appropriate on environmentally sensitive land.
机译：必须研究和开发将窒息作物纳入杂草和侵蚀控制的生产管理策略，以建立可持续的农业产业。窒息的作物也可能减少除草剂和肥料的施用。只有在能够维持作物生产力，符合当前管理实践（或生产者认为可行的管理），控制杂草或具有其他有益方面并且具有成本效益的情况下，生产者才会采用替代管理系统。一年生的紫花苜蓿物种（医学）具有一些特征，例如，幼苗生长旺盛且生命周期短，这可能使它们被用于行作物的杂草处理。该研究的目的是调查当用作春季播种的窒息作物的一年生医务人员是否能够控制杂草，不会不利地影响玉米（Zea mays L.）的生产力，向土壤提供有机物质并且成本与合成化学应用。一年生军医Medicago truncatula Gaerth的三种，品种“ Caliph”（桶状军医）； Medicago polymorpha L.，品种'Santiago'（毛刺军医）;和Medicago scutellata L.，品种“ Sava”（蜗牛军医）；在1995--1998年期间在两个地点进行了田间，实验室和温室研究的评估。 1995年和1996年，每年的医务人员分别在两个播种日期（该地区和玉米的平均播种日期之前约两周）和两个播种播种率（17 kg ha-1和34 kg ha-1）下种植。位于SD布鲁金斯和爱荷华州苏城中心。除草剂未用于药物治疗，氮以推荐剂量使用。 1995年的生长季节凉爽而潮湿，并且在排水良好的地方，医务人员迅速生长，而1996年的生长季节更温暖，更干燥，医务人员的生物量比1995年减少了70％。早期种植的医务人员的生物量和地被植物多于医务人员。在玉米播种的同时，所有医务人员都在8月初开始衰老。 1995年和1996年，Medic减少了常见羊羔的黄色和绿色狐尾（Setaria glauca（L.）Beauv。和S. virdis（L.）Beauv。）。1995年和1996年，Medic降低了玉米产量。 1996年，与无杂草对照相比，高速率播种的桶装军医使玉米产量降低了约30％。在1996--1998年期间，在苏城中心，医务人员以20.0 kg ha-1的速率排成排并排成排。仅在使用除草剂的情况下，在军乐队区的玉米产量与单产相似。使用企业预算表明，医疗和非医疗治疗具有相似的盈利能力。三种医护人员的叶提取物抑制了绿色的狐尾和丝绒种子（Abutilon theophrasti L.）种子的发芽，并且通常不抑制玉米种子的发芽。当在温室研究中将两者一起生长六周时，未观察到军医对玉米生长的化感作用。从这项研究中获得的信息表明，每年的医务人员在实现更可持续，对环境无害的作物生产系统方面可能具有非常重要的地位。在对环境敏感的土地上种植作为窒息作物的军医可能非常合适。

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