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Anthropological approaches in United States studies of Central America, 1930--1970: Implications for Central American anthropology.

机译:1930--1970年美国中美洲研究的人类学方法:对中美洲人类学的启示。

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摘要

The main objective of this study is to bring to Central American and U.S. students of anthropology a historical analysis of U.S. anthropological work in Central America from a Central American perspective. This dissertation examines Central American scholars' criticisms of U.S. anthropologists and their diverse research agendas in Central America from the 1930s to the 1960s. This is the period in which U.S. anthropological and archaeological research dominated the academic arena in Central America. I consider U.S. anthropological studies in Central America as products of the historical and cultural contexts within which anthropological research developed. At the same time, in my analysis, I take into account the scholars' academic milieu and the social and political situation in which field research took place in Central America. The research corroborates the fact that U.S. anthropologists have been very important in shaping anthropological knowledge of the prehistory and the ethnology of Central America. On the other hand, I will also show the influence of the Latin American anthropological thought and the impact of prevailing Central American political and economic conditions on U.S. anthropological research agendas in Central America. The dissertation traces the history of this process. It examines the theoretical motivations of U.S. and Latin American anthropologists in Central America, which varied during different historic periods as well as among different institutions and anthropologists.; The period covered by this study is divided in two phases. The first one concentrates on the years between the 1930s to 1945, and shows how U.S. anthropological analyses concerning Guatemala and Central America were impacted by: (1) the nineteenth century evolutionist idea of race; (2) the influence of cultural historicism on early Mexican anthropology; (3) Mexican revolutionary reforms (1910--1935); (4) the Great Depression of the 1930s, and (5) the flowering of nationalist Mexican anthropology. The second phase covers from 1945 to the early 1970s. During this period U.S. anthropological studies in Central America were affected by: (1) the repercussions of WWII strategies of development and the Guatemalan Revolution (1944--1954); (2) neo-evolutionist approaches and modernization theory; (3) U.S. foreign policy on Latin and Central America, and the rise of anti-imperialist movements.
机译:这项研究的主要目的是从中美洲的角度为中美洲和美国人类学的学生带来对中美洲美国人类学工作的历史分析。本文研究了中美洲学者对美国人类学家的批评及其在1930年代至1960年代在中美洲的各种研究议程。在这个时期,美国人类学和考古学研究主导了中美洲的学术领域。我认为中美洲的美国人类学研究是人类学研究在其中发展的历史和文化背景的产物。同时,在我的分析中,我考虑了学者们的学术环境以及中美洲进行实地研究的社会和政治情况。该研究证实了美国人类学家在塑造中美洲史前人类学方面的人类学知识方面非常重要的事实。另一方面,我还将展示拉丁美洲人类学思想的影响以及中美洲现行政治和经济状况对中美洲美国人类学研究议程的影响。本文追溯了这一过程的历史。它研究了中美洲的美国和拉丁美洲人类学家的理论动机,这些动机在不同的历史时期以及不同的机构和人类学家之间有所不同。本研究涵盖的时期分为两个阶段。第一个重点是1930到1945年之间的年份,并显示了美国对危地马拉和中美洲的人类学分析如何受到以下因素的影响:(1)19世纪的进化论种族观念; (2)文化历史主义对墨西哥早期人类学的影响; (3)墨西哥革命改革(1910--1935); (4)1930年代的大萧条,以及(5)民族主义墨西哥人类学的开花。第二阶段从1945年到1970年代初。在此期间,美国在中美洲的人类学研究受到以下因素的影响:(1)第二次世界大战发展战略和危地马拉革命(1944--1954)的影响; (2)新进化论的方法和现代化理论; (3)美国对拉丁美洲和中美洲的外交政策以及反帝运动的兴起。

著录项

  • 作者

    Arquin Bolanos, Margarita.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Kansas.;

  • 授予单位 University of Kansas.;
  • 学科 Anthropology Cultural.; Education Social Sciences.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1999
  • 页码 165 p.
  • 总页数 165
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 人类学;社会科学教育与普及;
  • 关键词

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