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Enterprise in the shadow of silver: Colonial Andeans and the culture of trade in Potosi, 1570-1700

机译：银幕下的企业：殖民地安第斯人与波托西的贸易文化，1570-1700年

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摘要

This dissertation is a social history of trade in Potosi, Peru during the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. It draws on a wide array of evidence including notary records, legal cases, town council records, and royal decrees, to ferret out daily acts of buying and selling with the understanding that generally, women and the non-elite sectors of the Potosi population dominated petty trade in food and alcohol. These most basic economic transactions of colonial urban life, however diminutive their value, emerge as major influences on the development of economic and social customs in the colonial city.;The boom in silver production established Potosi as a hub of trade. The majority of the 100,000 or more inhabitants no longer produced food or alcohol for themselves, but purchased these items thus creating a world of petty enterprise in the shadow of the busy silver mines. Trade was the most common medium of interaction for Potosinos of various ethnic and class backgrounds. Women, as the majority of vendors and store operators, played a crucial role in the development of the city's culture of trade. Indigenous market women began to offer wheat bread along with potatoes, and Spanish women opened up taverns to sell Andean corn beer. The city's buyers and sellers also negotiated the means of exchange. Because of the increasing relevance of cash values, people relied not on barter, but on new credit strategies like pawning and loans.;Since many places of trade had a public character, these trade practices did not go unnoticed by Spanish rulers. The town council consistently integrated social and economics goals into its policing of petty trade to combat those practices that threatened the goals of the elite or the crown. Even so, strong socio-economic networks helped propel indigenous and African vendors to successful trading careers. In the changing colonial world of the metropolis of Potosi, daily trade reveals how Spanish ruling practices and economic demands affected quotidian life for thousands of urban residents and why urban residents responded to these challenges by creating a culture of trade that reflected both tradition and creative adaptation.
机译：本文是十六和十七世纪末秘鲁波托西贸易的社会历史。它利用广泛的证据，包括公证记录，法律案件，镇议会记录和皇室法令，以发散日常的买卖行为，但要了解，一般来说，波托西人口中的妇女和非精英阶层是主要的食品和酒精的小额贸易。这些殖民地城市生活的最基本的经济交易，无论其价值多么微不足道，都对殖民城市的经济和社会习俗的发展产生了重大影响。；白银生产的繁荣使波托西成为了贸易中心。十万或更多居民中的大多数不再为自己生产食物或酒精，而是购买了这些物品，从而在繁忙的银矿的阴影下创造了小企业的世界。对于不同种族和阶级背景的波托西诺人来说，贸易是最常见的互动媒介。妇女，作为大多数商人和商店经营者，在城市贸易文化的发展中起着至关重要的作用。土著市场妇女开始提供小麦面包和土豆，西班牙妇女开放小酒馆出售安第斯玉米啤酒。该市的买卖双方还协商了交换手段。由于现金价值的重要性越来越高，人们不再依赖于易货贸易，而依赖于典当和贷款等新的信贷策略。由于许多贸易场所都具有公共性，因此西班牙统治者们并不忽视这些贸易惯例。镇议会始终将社会和经济目标纳入其小额贸易的监管中，以打击威胁到精英或王冠目标的做法。即便如此，强大的社会经济网络也帮助推动了土著和非洲商人进入成功的贸易生涯。在波托西大都市不断变化的殖民世界中，日常贸易揭示了西班牙的统治做法和经济需求如何影响成千上万城市居民的日常生活，以及为什么城市居民通过创造既反映传统又适应创造性的贸易文化来应对这些挑战。 。

著录项

  • 作者

    Mangan, Jane Erin.;

  • 作者单位

    Duke University.;

  • 授予单位 Duke University.;
  • 学科 Latin American history.;Womens studies.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1999
  • 页码 303 p.
  • 总页数 303
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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