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首页> 外文学位 >The acute effects of nicotine on physiological responses from the auditory systems of nonsmokers.
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The acute effects of nicotine on physiological responses from the auditory systems of nonsmokers.

机译：尼古丁对非吸烟者听觉系统的生理反应的急性影响。

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摘要

Indirect information about the afferent and efferent functions of the auditory brainstem, midbrain, and cortical cholinergic nuclei in the transmission of sound was provided by assessing the effects of nicotine on electrophysiological responses from different levels of the auditory system. The electroencephalogram and auditory evoked potentials were measured from 20 normal-hearing, non-smokers (10 male, 10 female) under two conditions (nicotine patch, placebo patch). The presence of nicotine did appear to acutely affect cholinergic nuclei involved in afferent and efferent transmission.; Auditory evoked potentials believed to reflect the conduction of sound from the cochlear nucleus to the cortex in the primary auditory pathway were unaffected or increased in amplitude and decreased in latency with nicotine (generally interpreted as signs of excitation within neural networks). Measures affected by arousal state were also enhanced with nicotine. These responses probably reflect activation of the cholinergic reticular formation and hippocampal neurons involved in a secondary afferent auditory pathway.; Auditory evoked potentials and electroencephalographic measures believed to reflect cortical activity were enhanced with nicotine. Thus, it appears nicotine-enhanced excitation in the afferent pathways resulted in increased activity in the cortex. Enhanced cortical activity has been shown to activate the efferent auditory pathway, which projects back to the thalamus, reticular activating system, and hippocampus. Responses believed to be influenced by the nuclei of the efferent pathway were decreased with nicotine, possibly reflecting improved stimulus filtering. This efferent system modulates neural changes occurring along the afferent pathways in response to auditory stimulation.; The results of this study are consistent with past results in animals and human smokers. These findings demonstrate nicotine's unique ability to activate inhibitory mechanisms of the nervous system without simultaneous reductions. in excitation. The regions most influenced by the presence of nicotine appear to be central. Some measures from the peripheral auditory system were suppressed, probably due to centrally- activated efferent inhibition occurring at the level of the cochlea and/or eighth nerve. Some interactions were found between sex and nicotine in the human auditory pathway, particularly at the cortical level. Evidence of interactions between auditory lateralization and nicotine was also reported.
机译：通过评估尼古丁对不同水平听觉系统对电生理反应的影响，可提供有关声音传递中听觉脑干，中脑和皮质胆碱能核的传入和传出功能的间接信息。在两个条件（烟碱贴剂，安慰剂贴剂）下，从20名正常听力，非吸烟者（10名男性，10名女性）测量了脑电图和听觉诱发电位。尼古丁的存在确实会严重影响参与传入和传出传播的胆碱能核。听觉诱发电位被认为反映了初级听觉通路中从耳蜗核到皮层的声音传导，但尼古丁并未受到影响或振幅增大或潜伏期缩短（通常被解释为神经网络内的兴奋信号）。尼古丁也增强了受觉醒状态影响的措施。这些反应可能反映了胆碱能网状结构的形成和次级传入听觉通路中海马神经元的激活。尼古丁增强了听觉诱发电位，并认为脑电图反映皮质活动。因此，似乎在传入途径中尼古丁增强的兴奋导致皮质中活性增加。增强的皮层活动已显示出可激活传出的听觉通路，该通路投射回丘脑，网状激活系统和海马。尼古丁降低了被认为受传出途径核影响的反应，这可能反映了刺激过滤的改善。该传出系统调节响应于听觉刺激而沿传出途径发生的神经变化。这项研究的结果与过去在动物和人类吸烟者中的结果一致。这些发现证明尼古丁具有独特的能力来激活神经系统的抑制机制而不同时减少。在激发。烟碱的存在影响最大的区域似乎是中心。来自外周听觉系统的一些措施被抑制，可能是由于在耳蜗和/或第八神经的水平发生了中央激活的传出抑制。在人类听觉途径中，特别是在皮质水平，发现性别与尼古丁之间存在一些相互作用。听觉偏侧化和尼古丁之间相互作用的证据也有报道。

著录项

  • 作者

    Harkrider, Ashley Whicker.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Texas at Austin.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Texas at Austin.;
  • 学科 Health Sciences Audiology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1999
  • 页码 181 p.
  • 总页数 181
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 耳科学、耳疾病;
  • 关键词

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