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Modulation of osteoblast attachment and growth in vitro by inertial forces.

机译：惯性力在体外调节成骨细胞的附着和生长。

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Spaceflight exploration and associated experiments show that human bones lose in density during inertial unloading, due principally to their demineralization. This research project examines the effect of gravity on osteoblast attachment and function in various inertial environments. Chicken calvarial osteoblasts were cultured under the following inertial conditions: spaceflight, simulated shuttle launch accelerations and vibrations, centrifugation, clino-rotation, and inversion. Cultures exposed to these conditions were compared with cultures grown in the laboratory as static 1G controls. Electron and light microscopy revealed the number of total osteoblasts attached to their substrate. Biochemical assays discerned changes in viable cell number, alkaline phosphatase levels, and mineralization. Immunohistochemical assays were used to investigate differences in cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix protein concentrations in the cultures, the percentage of proliferative cells, and cell viability. Compared to controls, spaceflight results indicated that the number of attached osteoblast cells was reduced. Launch simulation data indicated that the associated accelerations and vibrations may contribute to the reduction of attached osteoblasts in spaceflight cultures. Following centrifugation, the number of attached cells was unaltered; however, immunostaining of actin, fibronectin, and vinculin did show alterations in cultures exposed to hypergravity. Confluent cultures that were right side up, inverted, and clino-rotated contained a comparable number of attached cells and functioned similarly on the basis of measured alkaline phosphatase and bound calcium content. Sparse clino-rotated or inverted cultures showed an immediate response of diminished viable osteoblast numbers, but this effect disappeared with time and all remaining attached cells functioned similarly (APase and bound calcium). On the basis of these data osteoblast attachment and function in confluent cultures is minimally, if at all, affected by alterations in inertial environments. However, in sparse cultures about half as many cells are found attached initially. The remaining attached cells appear to multiply and function normally. These results suggest that the effects of spaceflight on bone are thus not likely to be caused by direct intrinsic effects of gravity on single osteoblasts that can be simulated in laboratory experiments in vitro experiments.
机译：太空探索和相关实验表明，人体骨骼在惯性卸载过程中密度降低，这主要是由于其脱矿质。该研究项目研究了重力对各种惯性环境中成骨细胞附着和功能的影响。鸡颅颅成骨细胞在以下惯性条件下进行培养：太空飞行，模拟航天飞机发射的加速和振动，离心作用，倾斜旋转和倒转。将暴露于这些条件的培养物与实验室中作为静态1G对照培养的培养物进行比较。电子和光学显微镜检查显示附着在其基质上的成骨细胞总数。生化分析可以看出活细胞数量，碱性磷酸酶水平和矿化的变化。免疫组织化学法用于研究培养物中细胞骨架和细胞外基质蛋白浓度，增殖细胞百分比和细胞活力的差异。与对照组相比，太空飞行的结果表明附着的成骨细胞数量减少了。发射模拟数据表明，相关的加速度和振动可能有助于减少航天培养中附着的成骨细胞。离心后，附着细胞的数量保持不变。然而，肌动蛋白，纤连蛋白和纽蛋白的免疫染色的确在暴露于超重力的培养物中显示出改变。右侧朝上，倒置和倾斜旋转的融合培养物包含相当数量的贴壁细胞，并且根据测量的碱性磷酸酶和结合的钙含量具有相似的功能。稀疏的斜肌旋转培养或倒置培养显示出成活的成骨细胞数量减少的立即反应，但是这种作用随时间消失，并且所有剩余的附着细胞的功能相似（APase和结合钙）。根据这些数据，成骨细胞在融合培养物中的附着和功能受惯性环境变化的影响很小，甚至根本没有受到影响。但是，在稀疏培养中，最初发现附着的细胞大约一半。其余的附着细胞似乎可以繁殖并正常运转。这些结果表明，航天飞行对骨骼的影响不太可能是由重力对单个成骨细胞的直接内在影响引起的，可以通过实验室实验体外实验来模拟。

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