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首页> 外文学位 >Genetics of virus resistance in capsicum and comparative analysis of disease resistance in the solanaceae.
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Genetics of virus resistance in capsicum and comparative analysis of disease resistance in the solanaceae.

机译：辣椒中病毒抗性的遗传及茄科抗病性的比较分析。

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摘要

Crop losses caused by viral pathogens are a major limitation to production of Capsicum. Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) is one of the most significant pathogens of pepper worldwide. CMV resistance has been a formidable breeding objective due to complex inheritance, environmental and isolate-specific effects on expression and levels of resistance, and varying levels of resistance as a result of inoculation technique. A new CMV resistance source, C. frutescens 'BG2814-6', is presented and evaluated and a backcross breeding program is described in which this resistance is transferred into three commercial pepper types.;A second major class of viral pathogens infecting pepper are potyviruses, members of the largest family of plant viruses, the Potviridae. A dominant gene conferring resistance to pepper mottle potyvirus (PepMoV), Pvr7 , is reported and characterized. A dominant potato virus Y (PVY) resistance gene that is linked or allelic to Pvr7 is also reported. Pvr7 is tightly linked but distinct from Pvr4, the only other dominant pepper potyvirus resistance (R) gene characterized to date. These loci, along with Tsw, which confers resistance to tomato spotted wilt tospovirus, comprise the first identified R gene cluster in pepper. The Pvr4/Pvr7 cluster is similar in both inheritance and phenotype to a cluster of dominant R genes in potato conferring resistance to PVY and potato potyvirus A, but these clusters do not appear to be orthologous.;In order to examine more comprehensively the organization of R loci across related genera, positions of known R genes and R gene homologues, were compared using pepper, tomato, and potato comparative maps. R genes occurred at corresponding positions across these genomes more frequently than expected by chance; however, R genes conferring resistance to closely related pathogens rarely were found in corresponding positions in two genera. Homologues of cloned R genes mapped to syntenous positions in related solanaceous genomes and often mapped to additional positions corresponding to other solanaceous R genes/gene clusters. This suggests that, while pathogen specificity may be rapidly evolving, general R gene function may be conserved throughout divergence of genera, and has implications for the utility of comparative mapping to identify novel sources of resistance.
机译：由病毒病原体引起的农作物损失是辣椒生产的主要限制。黄瓜花叶型黄瓜花叶病毒（CMV）是世界范围内最重要的辣椒病原体之一。由于复杂的遗传，对表达和抗性水平的环境和分离物特异性作用以及接种技术导致的不同抗性水平，CMV抗性已成为一个强大的育种目标。提出并评估了一种新的CMV抗药性来源，即C. frutescens'BG2814-6'，并描述了回交育种程序，其中将这种抗性转移到三种商品辣椒中;第二种感染辣椒的病毒病原体是马铃薯病毒。是最大的植物病毒家族（Potviridae）的成员。据报道并鉴定了赋予对胡椒斑驳杯状病毒（PepMoV）的抗性的显性基因Pvr7。还报告了与Pvr7相关或等位的显性马铃薯病毒Y（PVY）抗性基因。 Pvr7与Pvr4紧密相连，但与Pvr4不同，Pvr4是迄今为止表征的唯一的另一个主要辣椒辣椒抗性基因。这些基因座与Tsw一起赋予了对番茄斑点枯萎病毒的抗性，构成了辣椒中第一个鉴定出的R基因簇。 Pvr4 / Pvr7簇在遗传和表型上均与马铃薯中对PVY和马铃薯马铃薯甲病毒A产生抗性的显性R基因簇相似，但是这些簇似乎并不同源，为了更全面地研究使用胡椒，番茄和马铃薯比较图谱比较了相关属的R基因座，已知R基因的位置和R基因同源物。 R基因发生在这些基因组中相应位置的频率比偶然预期的要高。然而，在两个属的相应位置很少发现赋予对紧密相关病原体抗性的R基因。克隆的R基因的同系物被映射到相关茄科基因组中的同位置，并且通常被映射到与其他茄科R基因/基因簇相对应的其他位置。这表明，尽管病原体特异性可能正在迅速发展，但一般的R基因功能在整个属间都可能得到保留，并且对比较作图以鉴定新的耐药源具有实用性。

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  • 作者

    Grube, Rebecca Cynthia.;

  • 作者单位

    Cornell University.;

  • 授予单位 Cornell University.;
  • 学科 Biology Botany.;Agriculture Plant Pathology.;Biology Genetics.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1999
  • 页码 187 p.
  • 总页数 187
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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