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首页> 外文学位 >Ecological risks of the conventional insecticide/fungicide seed treatment mixture of thiamethoxam and mefenoxam in soybean on beneficial insects.
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Ecological risks of the conventional insecticide/fungicide seed treatment mixture of thiamethoxam and mefenoxam in soybean on beneficial insects.

机译：传统的杀虫剂/杀真菌剂种子处理混合物中大豆中的噻虫嗪和灭草灵对有益昆虫的生态风险。

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摘要

The impact of neonicotinoid seed treatments on beneficial insects has been a controversial topic during the last years. While neonicotinoids are usually used as mixtures with systemic fungicides, few studies have examined the impact of the mixtures on beneficial insects. Pesticide mixtures can have synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effects on the toxicity of neonicotinoids on non-target species.;Thiamethoxam with mefenoxam is the most used neonicotinoid insecticide/fungicide mixture applied to soybean. Based on the systemic nature of thiamethoxam and mefenoxam, residues of this insecticide/fungicide mixture can be present in soybean vegetative and floral tissue with potential impacts to beneficial insects. This study focuses on the interaction of these compounds, their environmental fate in plants, their toxic effects on honey bees, and lethal and sub-lethal effects on key predatory species in soybean.;Concentrations of neonicotinoids in both floral and vegetative tissues were low or not detected, and the effects on target and non-target insects are more likely to be sub-lethal, if at all. There was a mild antagonist interaction with the fungicide, resulting in reduced honey bee mortality. In predatory species, there were no significant differences in the abundance of Orius insidiosus and Chrysoperla rufilabris in soybean treated with thiamethoxam alone or with the mixture. Consumption of soybean aphid by both predators was not affected at evaluated concentrations of thiamethoxam in the insect prey. However, laboratory studies on toxicity of thiamethoxam on Orius insidiosus suggest potential toxic effects of this neonicotinoid based on the time of arrival of the predator to the field and the type of exposure to neonicotinoids.;Toxicity studies of mixtures of different classes of pesticides used in seed treatments are rarely available. To our knowledge this is the first study that evaluates the interaction of mefenoxam on acute toxicity of thiamethoxam. Studies of mixture toxicity of seed mixtures are imperative to minimize the risk of pesticides to beneficial insects by a careful selection of products with lower toxicity.
机译：在最近几年中，新烟碱种子处理对有益昆虫的影响一直是一个有争议的话题。虽然新烟碱类通常与系统性杀菌剂混合使用，但很少有研究检查过这些混合物对有益昆虫的影响。农药混合物可对新烟碱类药物对非目标物种的毒性产生协同，累加或拮抗作用。噻虫嗪和甲灭恶胺是用于大豆的最常用的新烟碱类农药/杀真菌剂混合物。根据噻虫嗪和甲芬沙星的系统性质，这种杀虫剂/杀菌剂混合物的残留物可能存在于大豆的营养和花卉组织中，可能对有益昆虫产生影响。这项研究的重点是这些化合物之间的相互作用，它们在植物中的环境命运，对蜜蜂的毒性作用以及对大豆中主要捕食物种的致死和亚致死作用。花卉和植物组织中新烟碱的含量较低或未检测到，对靶标和非靶标昆虫的影响更可能是亚致死性的（如果有的话）。与杀菌剂之间存在轻微的拮抗剂相互作用，从而降低了蜜蜂的死亡率。在捕食性物种中，单独用噻虫嗪或混合处理的大豆中的印度豆和印度菊中的丰度没有显着差异。两种食肉动物对大豆蚜虫的消费在昆虫猎物中评估的噻虫嗪浓度下均不受影响。然而，有关噻虫嗪对小白嘴鸦（Orius insidiosus）毒性的实验室研究表明，这种新烟碱可能会因掠食者到达田地的时间和新烟碱的暴露类型而产生潜在的毒性作用;农药中不同类别农药混合物的毒性研究种子处理很少。据我们所知，这是第一个评估甲氧西am对噻虫嗪急性毒性相互作用的研究。必须通过精心选择毒性较低的产品，对种子混合物的混合物毒性进行研究，以最大程度地降低农药对有益昆虫的危害。

著录项

  • 作者

    Camargo Gil, Carolina.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Nebraska - Lincoln.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Nebraska - Lincoln.;
  • 学科 Entomology.;Toxicology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2016
  • 页码 156 p.
  • 总页数 156
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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