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首页> 外文学位 >Essays in economics: 1. Pre-committed government spending and partisan politics. 2. Investment in energy efficiency: Do the characteristics of firms matter? 3. Information processing and organizational structure.
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Essays in economics: 1. Pre-committed government spending and partisan politics. 2. Investment in energy efficiency: Do the characteristics of firms matter? 3. Information processing and organizational structure.

机译：经济学论文：1.预先承诺的政府支出和党派政治。 2.能源效率投资：企业的特征重要吗？ 3.信息处理和组织结构。

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1. Spending commitments requiring future outlays are important for understanding partisan politics because they prevent a conservative government from scaling back spending programs. In a one-government-good model, a "stubborn liberal" policy maker can use precommitted spending to prevent a later conservative government from imposing spending cuts. In a model where parties differ about spending priorities, re-election uncertainty creates a bias towards higher government spending and higher taxes.;3. Standard theories of the firm stress profit maximization as the foundation for derivation of predictable behavior. Yet evidence continues to accumulate that firms do not act as required by the neoclassical framework. Instead of being represented by ever more elaborate maximization models, the firm can be modeled simply as a network of information-processing agents. The actions of the firm are then a function only of the network structure and the information-processing capabilities of the agents. This approach can be used to explain a number of features of organizational behavior. It also suggests that derivation of the optimal organizational structure may be computationally complex, with a number of implications for economic theory and policy development.;2. The literature on energy efficiency provides examples of profitable technologies that are not universally adopted. Theory indicates that firms should undertake all investments with a positive net present value, and that the discount rate for computing the present value of a project should be the return available on other projects in the same risk class, not on characteristics of the firm. This model is tested by examining whether firms' characteristics influence their decision to join the Environmental Protection Agency's Green Lights program. A discrete choice regression is estimated over a sample of participating and non-participating firms. Missing values in the data matrix are replaced with multiple imputations using the EM algorithm. The results show that: (1) substantial improvements in the power of hypothesis tests can be achieved through imputation of missing data, and (2) characteristics of firms do affect their decision to join Green Lights.
机译：1.要求未来支出的支出承诺对于理解党派政治很重要，因为它们阻止了保守的政府缩减支出计划。在单政府良好模式中，“固执的自由派”政策制定者可以使用预先承诺的支出来防止后来的保守派政府强行削减开支。在各方在支出优先次序方面存在分歧的模型中，连任不确定性使政府支出和税收增加了偏向； 3。企业的标准理论强调利润最大化，以此作为可预测行为的基础。然而，越来越多的证据表明，企业没有按照新古典主义框架的要求行事。可以用简单的信息处理代理网络将公司建模，而不用用更复杂的最大化模型表示。那么，公司的行动仅取决于网络结构和代理商的信息处理能力。这种方法可以用来解释组织行为的许多特征。这也表明，最佳组织结构的推导可能在计算上很复杂，对经济理论和政策制定有许多启示。2。能源效率方面的文献提供了未被普遍采用的有利可图技术的示例。理论表明，公司应该以正的净现值进行所有投资，并且计算项目的现值的折现率应该是相同风险类别下其他项目的可用收益，而不是公司的特征。通过检查公司的特征是否影响其加入环境保护署的“绿灯计划”的决定来测试该模型。离散选择回归是根据参与公司和非参与公司的样本估算的。数据矩阵中的缺失值使用EM算法替换为多个插补。结果表明：（1）可以通过插补缺失数据来实现假设检验能力的显着提高，并且（2）公司的特征确实会影响他们加入Green Lights的决策。

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  • 作者

    Watkins, William Edward, Jr.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, Santa Barbara.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, Santa Barbara.;
  • 学科 Economics General.;Sociology Social Structure and Development.;Energy.;Political Science General.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1998
  • 页码 143 p.
  • 总页数 143
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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