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Trekking tourism and protected area management in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal.

机译：尼泊尔安纳布尔纳峰保护区的徒步旅游和保护区管理。

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This investigation examines local trekking tourism in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal and how evaluation of the management of this activity contributes to strategies of integrating conservation and development in protected areas. A framework of political economy is used to place key analytical components—ecosystems, participatory approaches, and strategies for generating local economic benefits—and provide insight into factors underlying the distribution of local tourism benefits, decision-making arrangements and implications for conservation.; Field work was conducted over 15 months in a popular trekking area on the southern slopes of the Annapurna range. This site was also the focus of Annapurna Conservation Area Project's (ACAP) efforts to promote sustainable tourism. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, sample surveys and literature reviews.; Conditions favoured a locally-owned response, (lodges in this case), to economic opportunities. However, factors of political economy (namely access to resources and social status) have enabled members of the predominant local Gurung ethnic group operating large and medium sized lodges to benefit more than others. Local economic linkages were weak since lodges integrated related activities into their operations. Operators also made significant investments and expenditures outside the region leading to leakage or a flow of economic activity out of the local economy.; Fuelwood extraction is the primary tourism impact on forest resources, but was considered by the author to be localised and most acute at high elevations. ACAP activities have reduced per trekker fuelwood consumption rates, and thus have potential to accommodate increasing numbers of annual visitors. ACAPs efforts to promote local stewardship of forest resources raise issues of reconciling local decision-making over forests with management of large-scale ecosystems.; The creation of ACAP highlighted the need for strategic interventions by external and non-traditional agencies to integrate conservation, and to promote widespread distribution of site-based tourism benefits. Elements of the model of local participation have been applied elsewhere in Nepal. From the analysis, key continuing issues for ACAP include integrating scales of decision-making in meeting conservation objectives, building local capacities to design and manage interventions and finding workable institutional arrangements for the governance of the area.
机译：这项调查研究了尼泊尔安纳布尔纳峰保护区的当地徒步旅行旅游，以及对该活动管理的评估如何对保护区和保护区的发展战略做出了贡献。政治经济学框架被用来放置关键的分析组成部分，包括生态系统，参与性方法和产生当地经济利益的策略，并提供对当地旅游利益分布，决策安排和保护意义的潜在因素的洞见。在安纳布尔纳峰山脉南坡的一个受欢迎的徒步旅行区域进行了超过15个月的野外工作。该站点也是安纳布尔纳峰保护区项目（ACAP）促进可持续旅游业的重点。数据收集技术包括观察，访谈，抽样调查和文献综述。条件有利于当地拥有对经济机会的回应（在这种情况下为住所）。但是，政治经济因素（即获得资源和社会地位的因素）使经营大型和中型旅馆的当地居隆族主要居民群体比其他人受益更多。地方经济联系薄弱，因为旅馆将相关活动纳入其业务。运营商还在该地区以外进行了大量投资和支出，导致当地经济外流或经济活动流出。薪材提取是旅游业对森林资源的主要影响，但作者认为它是局部的，在高海拔地区最为严重。 ACAP的活动减少了背包客薪材的消耗率，因此有潜力容纳越来越多的年度游客。 ACAP为促进当地森林资源管理而做出的努力提出了以下问题：将森林的地方决策与大规模生态系统的管理相协调。 ACAP的创立突显了外部和非传统机构需要采取战略干预措施以整合保护并促进基于现场的旅游收益广泛分布的问题。尼泊尔其他地方已经采用了当地参与模式的要素。根据分析，ACAP的主要持续问题包括整合决策规模以实现保护目标，建设地方能力以设计和管理干预措施以及为该地区的治理找到可行的制度安排。

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