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首页> 外文学位 >Membrane processes for gas separations: Part I. Removal of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from low-quality natural gas. Part II. Enrichment of krypton in air.
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Membrane processes for gas separations: Part I. Removal of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from low-quality natural gas. Part II. Enrichment of krypton in air.

机译：用于气体分离的膜工艺：第一部分。从劣质天然气中去除二氧化碳和硫化氢。第二部分空气中of的富集。

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I. The objective of this study was to determine the process design characteristics and economics of membrane separation processes for reducing the concentrations of H2S and CO2 in low-quality natural gas containing substantial amounts of the two acid gases to pipeline specifications ( ≤ 2 mole-% CO2 and ≤ 4 ppm H2S). The new processes considered the simultaneous use of two different types of polymer membranes for the above application, namely, one with higher CO2/CH4 selectivity and the other with higher H2S/CH4 selectivity.; The performance and economics of membrane process configurations comprising one, two, and three permeation stages, with and without recycle streams, were examined and optimized via extensive computer simulations. Most computations assumed as a "base-case", the processing of a medium-size natural gas stream of 35 MMSCFD at 800 psia. The natural gas was taken to contain ≤ 10 mole-% H2S and ≤ 40 mole-% CO2. The most economical process configuration was two permeation stages in series, with H2S-selective membranes in the first stage and CO2-selective membranes in the second stage. The most economical process configurations for upgrading natural gas containing either only substantial amounts of H2S or of CO2 were also determined. The sensitivity of the process economics to feed flow rate, feed pressure, membrane module cost, and wellhead cost of natural gas was studied. A comparison of the processing cost of membrane processes with that of conventional gas absorption processes utilizing diethanolamine as solvent was also investigated.; II. A membrane process for enrichment of Kr in air was studied experimentally as a technique of improving the accuracy of Kr analysis. "Asymmetric" silicone rubber membranes were found to be most suitable for this application. The study was investigated with a feed gas mixture containing 0.99 mole-% Kr, 20.70 mole-% O2, and 78.30 mole-% N2. The Kr concentration could be increased from 0.99 to 2.23 mole-% in a single membrane stage and further raised to 3.73 mole-% in two stages in cascade. Computer simulations of "cross-flow" model yielded results in general agreement with experimental data.
机译：I.这项研究的目的是确定膜分离工艺的工艺设计特征和经济性，以降低含有大量两种酸性气体的劣质天然气中的H2S和CO2浓度达到管道规格（≤2摩尔- ％CO2和≤4 ppm H2S）。新工艺考虑了在上述应用中同时使用两种不同类型的聚合物膜，即一种具有较高的CO2 / CH4选择性，另一种具有较高的H2S / CH4选择性。通过广泛的计算机模拟检查和优化了包括一个，两个和三个渗透阶段（有无循环流）的膜工艺配置的性能和经济性。大多数计算被假定为“基本情况”，即在800 psia下处理35 MMSCFD的中型天然气流。天然气被认为含有≤10摩尔％H2S和≤40摩尔％CO2。最经济的工艺配置是串联两个渗透阶段，第一阶段为H2S选择性膜，第二阶段为CO2选择性膜。还确定了用于升级仅包含大量H2S或CO2的天然气的最经济的工艺配置。研究了工艺经济学对进料流量，进料压力，膜组件成本和天然气井口成本的敏感性。还研究了膜工艺与使用二乙醇胺作为溶剂的常规气体吸收工艺的工艺成本的比较。二。作为提高Kr分析准确性的技术，实验研究了一种富集空气中Kr的膜工艺。发现“不对称”硅橡胶膜最适合该应用。使用包含0.99摩尔％Kr，20.70摩尔％O2和78.30摩尔％N2的进料气体混合物对研究进行了研究。在单个膜阶段中，Kr浓度可以从0.99增加到2.23摩尔％，并且在两个阶段中，级联地进一步增加到3.73摩尔％。 “横流”模型的计算机模拟得出的结果与实验数据基本一致。

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