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首页> 外文学位 >Crossroads continues: Histories of women mobilizing against forced removals and for housing in Cape Town South Africa, 1975--2005.
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Crossroads continues: Histories of women mobilizing against forced removals and for housing in Cape Town South Africa, 1975--2005.

机译：十字路口仍在继续：1975年至2005年在南非开普敦动员妇女进行强迫迁徙和住房的历史。

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摘要

This dissertation focuses on African women's movements for urban survival in Cape Town from 1975 - during the peak of apartheid where African women were banned from the city and were forcibly removed to impoverished bantustans - to 2005, more than a decade into democracy where over 260,000 families were living in shacks in the city. It focuses on resistance to forced removals in Crossroads - a famous symbol of defiance as one of the longest surviving squatter camps. The disjuncture between the critical and internationally celebrated role that women of Crossroads played in challenging apartheid, is juxtaposed by their current impoverishment, political marginalization, and disconnect between theirs and subsequent women's mobilizing. I explore how they arrived at such a position of local and international prominence at the peak of the oppressive apartheid regime, and how they were marginalized and rendered inaudible since that time by tracing the establishment, defense, and reconfiguration of Crossroads from 1975-2005, drawing on 60 life narratives of activists involved in two moments of women-only collective mobilizing for urban survival.;The first case follows squatter women leaders in the 1970s who, amongst many strategies for resisting the migrant labor system and its forced removals, created Imfuduso (Exodus) - a theatrical production about their struggle to remain in Cape Town. Returning illegally upon multiple violent "removals," they turned the building of shacks on the edges of the city into a highly visible political campaign which produced enormous backlash, and they were demobilized. Their gains were pushed back through a reconfiguration of power and politics, with reforms aimed at "orderly urbanization," exclusive commoditized low-cost housing, militarization and instigation of "low intensity conflict," of state-sponsored vigilantes (witdoeke) who burnt out 70,000 squatters in Crossroads in 1986. The repercussions have been severe, ongoing, and unacknowledged for those who remained.;The second case studies the 1998 Women's Power Group - 300 women came together across deeply entrenched divides, staged a four month sit-in demanding government accountability for undelivered housing and public services. In both the 1970s and 1990s Crossroads women's protests were organized collectively, beyond party politics, and separately from men, confronting state power to distribute resources for basic survival. Politicized gun violence surrounds both movements with punitive repercussions for women leaders, and for gender based organizing that challenges power dynamics and development practices. The representations of these protests remain controversial. The undocumented 1970s production and 1990s prolonged sit-in are important windows into the gendered dynamics of forced removals and ongoing struggles for the city and its history. Exploring the connections and disjunctures between these movements, I suggest that to the extent that their mobilizing for alternatives threatened the status quo during both the apartheid and post-apartheid period, organizers and the issues they stood for were attacked and displaced on multiple levels-individually removed, collectively demobilized, and historically dislocated.
机译：这篇论文的重点是1975年开普敦的非洲妇女争取城市生存的运动-在种族隔离的高峰时期，非洲妇女被禁止从该城市进入，并被迫转移到贫困的班图斯坦。到2005年，进入民主制度已有十多年了，那里有超过260,000个家庭住在这座城市的棚屋里。它着重于抵抗十字路口的强行驱逐-十字路口是最长幸存的棚户区之一，是反抗的著名标志。 Crossroads妇女在挑战种族隔离中扮演的关键角色和国际知名角色之间的脱节，是由于她们当前的贫困，政治边缘化以及她们与后来的妇女动员之间的脱节而并存的。我探讨了它们如何在压迫性种族隔离政权的巅峰时期达到如此在当地和国际上的地位，以及如何通过追溯1975-2005年间十字路口的建立，防御和重新配置，使它们从那时起被边缘化和听不见，借鉴了60个积极分子的生活叙事，其中涉及到只有两个时刻才有女性参与的集体动员，以争取城市生存。；第一个案例是在1970年代擅自占地的女性领导人之后，在许多抵抗移民劳工制度及其被迫迁离的战略中，创建了Imfuduso （出埃及记）-关于他们为留在开普敦而奋斗的戏剧作品。经过多次暴力“撤离”后，他们非法返回，将这座城市边缘的棚屋建设变成了一场备受瞩目的政治运动，引起了强烈反响，他们复员了。他们的权力通过权力和政治的重组而被推倒，改革的目的是“有序的城市化”，独家商品化的廉价住房，军事化和煽动“低强度冲突”，由政府赞助的义勇军（witdoeke）burn尽1986年，在Crossroads有70,000名擅自占地者。其后果一直是严重的，持续的，对那些留下来的人并没有得到承认。；第二个案例研究了1998年的妇女权力集团-300名妇女走过了根深蒂固的鸿沟，进行了为期四个月的静坐政府对未交付住房和公共服务的责任。在1970年代和1990年代，《十字路口》中的妇女抗议活动是集体组织的，超越了政党政治，并且与男子分开，与国家权力对抗，为基本生存分配资源。政治化的枪支暴力行为既对女性领导人产生惩罚性影响，又对挑战权力动态和发展实践的基于性别的组织产生惩罚性影响。这些抗议活动的表述仍然存在争议。 1970年代无记录的生产和1990年代长时间的静坐是重要的窗口，可以了解强迫迁离以及为城市及其历史而进行的斗争的性别动态。在探讨这些运动之间的联系和分歧时，我认为，在种族隔离和后种族隔离时期，他们动员其他方式对现状构成威胁的程度是，组织者及其代表的问题在多个层面上受到了攻击和流离失所。撤离，集体复员，历来流离失所。

著录项

  • 作者

    Benson, Koni.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Minnesota.;

  • 授予单位 University of Minnesota.;
  • 学科 History African.;Womens Studies.;Urban and Regional Planning.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 505 p.
  • 总页数 505
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 非洲史;社会学;区域规划、城乡规划;
  • 关键词

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