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Determination of control characteristics of ship models by tow line tests.

机译：通过拖缆试验确定船舶模型的控制特性。

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摘要

This thesis investigates both the theoretical and experimental work carried out to determine the control characteristics of ship model by tow line tests. A knowledge of the hydrodynamic derivatives are necessary for the mathematical model used in the simulation and prediction of ship manoeuvres. For more than two decades this information has been obtained largely by testing captive models on a rotating arm facility and a Horizontal Planar Motion Mechanism (PMM). These tests involve many runs in the tank with the risk of cumulative errors and are impaired by the interference of the towing struts. The work in this thesis originated from a search for an alternative simple but reliable test method to determine the control derivatives of a ship model. In the tow line tests the configuration is that of a free model on which the tow line exerts a positional force and moment when the hull departs from the in-line tow position. Some combinations of towing point and tow line length result in persistent lateral oscillations of the model, which provide a way of evaluating the control characteristics of a ship model. A linear analysis of the equations of motion for a towed vessel generated a fourth order linear differential equation in which the coefficients consisted of the same terms that occur in a free model plus terms arising from the tow line geometry. It has thus been argued that measurements of the oscillatory motion of the model would allow analysis of the hydrodynamic control derivatives of the hull form. A time stepping computer simulation of a towed vessel with known derivatives was developed and this provide evidence that for certain locations of tow point position the vessel performed regular oscillations. Small scale model tests in the Defence Research Agency (Haslar) Circulating Water Channel confirmed the simulated results in qualitative terms. Further tow test experiments were conducted in the Glasgow University Towing Tank on two models, one of the MARINER class hull form and the other of BRITISH BOMBARDIER. Some study of experiment procedure was carried out to provide a valuable guide for practical conduct of tow line tests. The analytical methods to determine the linear control derivatives from the measurements of the transient response of the tow line tests have been explored. Based on an observation of the phase relationship in the measured motions, an analytic approach similar to that used in PMM analysis was evolved. For general use a robust System Identification analysis was developed and various types of methods for modelling the sway and yaw motion equations were investigated, each being suited to particular dynamic systems. The relative merits of several alternative SI techniques were investigated with reference to the limitations imposed by the operation of model tests. The computation results for MARINER and BRITISH BOMBARDIER tests generated satisfactory and accurate sway and yaw derivatives. Simulation using the estimated derivatives was compared with measurements and the study of the resulting residuals provided further confidence of the tow line test approach to obtaining ship manoeuvring derivatives.
机译：本文研究了通过拖曳线试验确定船舶模型控制特性的理论和实验工作。对于在船舶操纵的仿真和预测中使用的数学模型，必须具备流体动力学导数的知识。在过去的二十多年中，这些信息主要是通过在旋转臂设施和水平平面运动机构（PMM）上测试俘获模型而获得的。这些测试涉及到油箱中的许多运行，存在累积误差的风险，并且由于牵引杆的干扰而受损。本论文的工作源于寻找一种确定船舶模型的控制导数的简单但可靠的替代测试方法。在拖缆测试中，配置是自由模型的配置，当船体偏离直列拖缆位置时，拖缆会在该模型上施加位置力和力矩。拖曳点和拖曳线长度的某些组合会导致模型的持续横向振荡，从而为评估船舶模型的控制特性提供了一种方法。对拖曳船的运动方程进行线性分析，生成了四阶线性微分方程，其中系数由在自由模型中出现的相同项以及由拖曳线几何结构引起的项组成。因此认为，模型的振荡运动的测量将允许分析船体形式的流体动力控制导数。开发了具有已知衍生物的拖船的时间步进计算机模拟，这提供了证据，表明对于拖点位置的某些位置，船执行规则的振荡。在国防研究局（Haslar）循环水通道中进行的小规模模型测试以定性的方式证实了模拟结果。在格拉斯哥大学拖船上进行了两种模型的进一步拖曳试验，一种是MARINER级船体形式，另一种是英国BOMBARDIER。对实验程序进行了一些研究，为拖曳线试验的实际进行提供了有价值的指导。已经探索了从拖曳线测试的瞬态响应的测量值确定线性控制导数的分析方法。基于对所测量运动中的相位关系的观察，发展了一种类似于PMM分析中使用的分析方法。对于一般用途，开发了可靠的系统识别分析，并研究了各种类型的用于模拟摇摆和偏航运动方程的方法，每种方法都适用于特定的动态系统。参照模型测试操作的局限性，研究了几种替代SI技术的相对优点。 MARINER和BRITISH BOMBARDIER测试的计算结果生成了令人满意且准确的摇摆和偏航导数。使用估计的导数进行的模拟与测量进行了比较，对结果残差的研究为使用拖缆测试方法获得船舶操纵导数提供了进一步的信心。

著录项

  • 作者

    Zhang, Haiyan.;

  • 作者单位

    University of London, University College London (United Kingdom).;

  • 授予单位 University of London, University College London (United Kingdom).;
  • 学科 Naval engineering.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1998
  • 页码 277 p.
  • 总页数 277
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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