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Doing business with the state: Explaining business lobbying in the Arab world.

机译：与国家开展业务：解释阿拉伯世界中的企业游说活动。

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摘要

This dissertation addresses a basic question of nonviolent, state-society interaction in the developing world: under what conditions do nascent civil associations in non-democratic or semi-democratic contexts successfully lobby the state yet maintain their autonomy and avoid cooptation? To address this question, the study compares how the Chambers of Commerce in Kuwait and Jordan have lobbied their respective states. The approach involves a comparison within and between each country, dividing each case into four general time periods so that there is sufficient variation in political, economic, and social conditions. The problem of the study is that despite similar political, economic, and social factors, Kuwait's Chamber of Commerce has been more successful in affecting national economic policy than Jordan's Chamber. Why? This dissertation demonstrates that current theories privileging either, state-centric, structural-economic, or society-centric variables fail to account fully for the observed outcomes. Each offers insight but none satisfy. Instead, this thesis argues that two levels of factors, macro economic and institutional organization, combine to account for patterns of business lobbying. The first independent variable is sectoral differentiation of the private economy. For each country, different types of exogenous finances help shape different sectoral attributes within each economy. The degree of sectoral differentiation (whether it is high or low) determines the contours and divisions of the private sector in which the business association is embedded. Membership drawn from the private sector helps shape the broad constraints on the business, association. Two secondary variables at the association level---membership qualifications and voting rules---in turn determine the degree to which the rank and file can affect the association's leadership coherence. These organizational variables either amplify membership divisions and conflicts, or help alleviate those differences. Since both associations freely elect their leadership, the rules governing who may be a member and who may vote are crucial to the type of leadership and lobbying capabilities that emerge. The dissertation's empirical narrative charts how external sectoral attributes and internal organizational variables respond to one another to create, on the one hand, a coherent, effective association leadership in the case of Kuwait, and on the other hand, an incoherent, weak leadership in the case of Jordan. The Kuwaiti Chamber benefited from a less articulated private economy and from a tighter, more restricted membership body. By contrast, the Jordanian Chamber suffered from a highly diverse membership and operated under more inclusive voting and membership rules. The result was clear. By maintaining elite coherence at the leadership level, the Kuwaiti business association was better able to lobby its state over time.
机译：本文解决了发展中国家非暴力，国家与社会互动的一个基本问题：在什么条件下，处于非民主或半民主背景下的新生民间团体能够成功游说国家，但仍保持其自治并避免加入？为了解决这个问题，该研究比较了科威特和约旦的商会如何游说各自的州。该方法涉及在每个国家内部和国家之间进行比较，将每个案例分为四个一般时间段，以便在政治，经济和社会条件方面有足够的差异。该研究的问题在于，尽管存在类似的政治，经济和社会因素，但科威特商会在影响国家经济政策方面比约旦商会更为成功。为什么？这篇论文表明，当前以国家为中心，结构经济或社会中心变量的特权理论不能完全解释观察到的结果。每个人都提供洞察力，但没有人满意。相反，本文认为，宏观经济和制度组织这两个层次的因素结合起来可以解释企业游说的模式。第一个独立变量是私营经济的部门差异。对于每个国家来说，不同类型的外生金融都有助于塑造每个经济体内不同的部门属性。部门差异化程度（高低）决定着商业协会所在的私营部门的轮廓和划分。来自私营部门的成员资格有助于塑造对企业，协会的广泛限制。协会级别的两个次要变量-成员资格和投票规则-反过来决定了等级和档案影响协会领导连贯性的程度。这些组织变量要么扩大成员资格分歧和冲突，要么有助于缓解这些差异。由于这两个协会都可以自由选举自己的领导，因此关于谁可以成为成员以及谁可以投票的规则对于出现的领导类型和游说能力至关重要。论文的经验叙述描绘了外部部门属性和内部组织变量如何相互反应，一方面在科威特案中建立了连贯，有效的协会领导，另一方面，在科威特方面缺乏连贯，薄弱的领导乔丹案。科威特商会得益于较为明确的私营经济和更严格，更受限制的会员机构。相比之下，约旦商会的会员制非常多样化，并在更具包容性的投票和会员制规则下运作。结果很明显。通过在领导层保持精英一致，科威特商业协会可以更好地游说其国家。

著录项

  • 作者

    Moore, Pete Watson.;

  • 作者单位

    McGill University (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 McGill University (Canada).;
  • 学科 Business Administration Management.; Political Science General.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1998
  • 页码 341 p.
  • 总页数 341
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 贸易经济;政治理论;
  • 关键词

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