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Spectroscopic and chemical evaluation of in situ chemical immobilization for the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils.

机译：现场化学固定化修复重金属污染土壤的光谱和化学评估。

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Scope and method of study. Six in situ chemical treatments for the immobilization of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in contaminated soils were investigated. Chemical and spectroscopic methods were used to characterize the soils and evaluate the effectiveness of the amendments. The initial objective was to compare the effectiveness of phosphate, organic and/or alkaline amendments in smelter contaminated soils. The second objective was the evaluation of three phosphate amendments of varying solubility in similar soils. Sequential extraction was used to evaluate amendment effectiveness by monitoring changes in metal extractability. The final objective was to identify the formation of new metal containing phases in the soil-amendment systems using spectroscopic techniques including, diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS), solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD).; Findings and conclusions. In situ chemical immobilization is a viable technique for the remediation of Cd, Pb, and Zn contaminated soils. The effectiveness of the amendments depends on the nature of the amendment, the initial form of the metal contaminate and the soil matrix. The solubility of phosphate amendments did not determine the effectiveness of the amendment. These results indicate that the controlling mechanism for immobilization of metals by phosphate amendments is not dissolution-precipitation, New metal phosphate, carbonate, and hydroxide phases were identified spectroscopically in the soil-amendment mixtures. These data provide evidence for the formation of metal phases through both precipitation and surface reactions. Spectroscopic results indicate that it is not possible to predict whether new phases will be observed.
机译：研究范围和方法。研究了六种在污染土壤中固定镉（Cd），铅（Pb）和锌（Zn）的原位化学处理方法。化学和光谱学方法被用来表征土壤并评估改良剂的有效性。最初的目的是比较在冶炼厂污染土壤中磷酸盐，有机和/或碱性改良剂的有效性。第二个目标是评估在相似土壤中溶解度不同的三种磷酸盐改良剂。连续萃取用于通过监测金属可萃取性的变化来评估修正效果。最终目标是使用光谱技术（包括漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱（DRIFTS），固态核磁共振（NMR）和粉末X射线衍射（））识别土壤改良系统中新的含金属相的形成。 XRD）。结论和结论。原位化学固定是修复Cd，Pb和Zn污染土壤的可行技术。修正案的有效性取决于修正案的性质，金属污染物的初始形式和土壤基质。磷酸盐改性剂的溶解度不能决定改性剂的有效性。这些结果表明，通过磷酸盐改性剂固定金属的控制机制不是溶解-沉淀，而是在土壤-改良混合物中通过光谱法鉴定了新的金属磷酸盐，碳酸盐和氢氧化物相。这些数据提供了通过沉淀和表面反应形成金属相的证据。光谱结果表明不可能预测是否会观察到新的相。

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