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Novel electrochemical reactor for effluent treatment and waste minimization in process industry.

机译：新型电化学反应器，用于过程工业中的废水处理和废物最小化。

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This research deals with characterizing a novel electrochemical reactor for the removal of toxic metals from dilute waste streams, slurries, and rinse waters. This reactor is a hybrid between an expanded moving packed bed and an entrained/fluidized bed, which we call a Circulating Particulate Bed Electrode (CPBE).; The CPBE cell has a number of features representing the positive features of both the fixed bed cell and the fluidized bed cell, which make it suitable for treating solutions of low metal ion concentrations. These include high mass transfer rates, an enhanced surface area, uniform particle utilization and a capability for treating slurries and three phase mixtures. All particles have equal probability of growing and dissolving. The particle and fluid dynamics of the CPBE cell enhance fluid-particle mass transfer rates. These dynamics also tend to level temperature distribution and effectively mix various fluid and gas phases together. So CPBE is particularly well suited for many electrochemical applications as exemplified by the organic electrosynthesis, metal recovery and pollution treatments for metal containing effluents.; The mass transfer coefficient and the current efficiency for the removal of copper ions from dilute solutions were measured under various operating conditions. The efficiency of the CPBE in batch recovery experiments is found to be a function of cell current density, cell tilt angle, and electrolyte pH. Experiments demonstrate that the CPBE can treat a waste containing copper metal ions down to less than 0.1 ppm. A mathematical model for the batch depletion of copper ions has been used to estimate the overall mass transfer coefficient, which was found to be within the range of 2.0-5.0 10{dollar}sp{lcub}-3{rcub}{dollar} cm/sec.; A quantitative understanding of the hydrodynamics of the circulating particulate bed is needed for design and scale-up of an efficient device in order to optimize its performance. To understand the influence of the cell design and operating parameters on cell performance, an experimental hydrodynamic studies of the CPBE was pursued to predict basic bed characteristics, such as the particle descending layer velocity and solution distributions. These hydrodynamic characteristics will serve as a basis for the prediction of the electrochemical performance and scale-up of the CPBE cell.; The distribution of potential in a particulate bed electrode is of great importance in most applications especially for scale-up. A theoretical model for potential distribution within the CPBE has been developed. This model allows one to predict the potential drop and current distribution as a function of basic bed characteristics. More importantly, the model can be used to predict maximum potential drop as a function of average superficial flow rate, particle size and density, fluid properties, cell tilt angle and cell geometry. These characteristics will be important for predicting the performance of this electrochemical reactor and scale-up.; In carrying out a plating reaction, we found that most of the particles inside the CPBE grow uniformly, which means that all the particles enter the active zone inside the cell. Also, it was observed that no deposition takes place on the current feeder, an important advantage of the CPBE. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
机译：这项研究致力于表征一种新型电化学反应器的特征，该反应器可从稀废料流，浆料和冲洗水中去除有毒金属。该反应器是膨胀的移动填充床和夹带/流化床之间的混合体，我们称其为循环颗粒床电极（CPBE）。 CPBE池具有许多功能，代表了固定床池和流化床池的积极特性，这使其适用于处理低金属离子浓度的溶液。这些包括高传质速率，增加的表面积，均匀的颗粒利用率以及处理浆料和三相混合物的能力。所有颗粒具有相等的生长和溶解概率。 CPBE池的颗粒和流体动力学提高了流体-颗粒传质速率。这些动力学也趋向于平衡温度分布，并有效地将各种流体和气相混合在一起。因此，CPBE特别适合许多电化学应用，例如有机电合成，金属回收和对含金属废水的污染处理。在各种操作条件下，测量了从稀溶液中去除铜离子的传质系数和电流效率。发现批处理回收实验中CPBE的效率是电池电流密度，电池倾斜角和电解质pH的函数。实验表明，CPBE可以处理低至小于0.1 ppm的铜金属离子废物。分批消耗铜离子的数学模型已用于估算整体传质系数，发现该系数在2.0-5.0 10 {dol} sp {lcub} -3 {rcub} {dollar} cm的范围内/秒。为了设计和扩大有效设备的性能，需要对循环颗粒床的流体动力学有一个定量的了解。为了了解单元设计和操作参数对单元性能的影响，进行了CPBE的实验流体力学研究，以预测基本床层特征，例如颗粒下降层速度和溶液分布。这些流体动力学特性将作为预测CPBE电池的电化学性能和放大的基础。在大多数应用中，尤其是按比例放大时，颗粒床电极中的电势分布非常重要。已经建立了CPBE内电位分布的理论模型。该模型允许人们根据基本床的特性来预测电势下降和电流分布。更重要的是，该模型可用于预测最大电势下降，该平均电势下降是平均表观流速，粒径和密度，流体性质，细胞倾斜角和细胞几何形状的函数。这些特征对于预测该电化学反应器的性能和扩大规模将是重要的。在进行电镀反应时，我们发现CPBE内的大多数颗粒均匀生长，这意味着所有颗粒都进入电池内部的活性区域。而且，观察到在电流进料器上没有发生沉积，这是CPBE的重要优点。 （摘要由UMI缩短。）

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