The increasing concern about pollution of ground and surface waters by hazardous organic chemicals has led to extensive research on the modification of mineral/soil surfaces to promote their sorption of organic compounds. This dissertation contains several studies examining the sorption properties of modified mineral surfaces for organic compounds and their practical implications.; Organo-clays derived from organic cation exchanged smectites (vermiculite) were prepared and their sorption behaviors examined using a variety of organic compounds. Dicamba, an ionizable organic compound could be removed by organo-clays with the solution pH significantly affecting the sorption process. Influence humic substances on trichloroethylene sorption by organo-clays was also examined. Results indicated that the uptake of humic substances by organo-clays and humic substances effect trichloroethylene sorption by organo-clays was dependent on the type of organo-clay and humic substance. The organo-clays were also found to be able to remove polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (pyrene and anthracene) from methanol/water mixtures with their sorption behaviors modelled by using the cosolvent theory. The sorption characteristics were related to the organic-cation/clay combination and the volume fraction of the methanol.; In an effort to broaden the diversity of pillared materials for removing organic compounds from water, novel organic-mineral complexes were developed by incorporating modified {dollar}beta{dollar}-cyclodextrin into magnesium-aluminum layered double hydroxide (Mg/Al LDH). The geometrical arrangements of the intercalated cyclodextrin molecules were characterized, which were found to be dependent on the degree of carboxymethyl group substitution. The resulting intercalates were able to sorb various hydrophobic organic compounds (trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, benzene, toluene, p, o, m-xylene, ethylbenzene, trichlorobenzene, naphthalene) from aqueous solution. Shape/size selectivity was observed for the different substituted {dollar}beta{dollar}-cyclodextrin intercalated Mg/Al LDH.
展开▼
机译：人们越来越关注有害有机化学物质对地下水和地表水的污染，因此人们对改性矿物/土壤表面以促进其对有机化合物的吸附进行了广泛的研究。本文对改性矿物表面对有机化合物的吸附性能及其实用意义进行了研究。制备了由有机阳离子交换的蒙脱石（ver石）衍生的有机粘土，并使用多种有机化合物检查了它们的吸附行为。麦草畏是一种可电离的有机化合物，可通过有机粘土去除，溶液的pH值会显着影响吸附过程。还检查了腐殖质对有机粘土吸附三氯乙烯的影响。结果表明，有机粘土和腐殖质对腐殖质的吸收影响有机粘土对三氯乙烯的吸附，取决于有机粘土和腐殖质的类型。还发现有机粘土能够从甲醇/水混合物中去除多核芳香烃（py和蒽），其吸附行为采用助溶剂理论模拟。吸附特性与有机阳离子/粘土组合和甲醇的体积分数有关。为了扩大用于从水中除去有机化合物的带柱材料的多样性，通过将改性的{美元}β{美元}-环糊精掺入镁-铝层状双氢氧化物（Mg / Al LDH）中，开发了新型的有机-矿物配合物。表征了插入的环糊精分子的几何排列，发现其取决于羧甲基取代的程度。所得的插层能够从水溶液中吸附各种疏水性有机化合物（三氯乙烯，四氯乙烯，苯，甲苯，对，邻，间二甲苯，乙苯，三氯苯，萘）。对于不同的取代的{美元}β{美元}-环糊精插入的Mg / Al LDH，观察到形状/尺寸选择性。
展开▼
