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Experimental analysis of acoustic adaptation in bird song.

机译：鸟鸣声适应性的实验分析。

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摘要

The acoustic adaptation hypothesis (AAH) predicts that vocalizations intended for long range unambiguous communication should possess amplitude modulation (AM) characteristics such that the temporal patterning of amplitude degrades less than alternative patterns during transmission through native type habitat. The AAH predicts that closed habitat signals should be structured as low rate AM whistles, because such a structure is expected to best combat reverberation, the main form of degradation typical of closed habitats, which tends to blur the distinction between closely placed elements (i.e. rapid AM trills). The predicted signal structure for open habitat signals is rapid AM trills because such a structure is expected to best combat irregular amplitude fluctuations (IAFs), the main form of degradation typical of open habitats, which is expected to mask low rate AM signal patterns (i.e. whistles). Three experimental approaches were taken to investigate both the predictions of the AAH and their underlying rationale.;Results from a computer simulation, the transmission of synthetic signals through natural habitats, and the transmission of natural bird song through natural habitats, all clearly support the general predictions of the AAH. However, the results reveal that the rationale which underlies those predictions is incomplete because signal performance assessment must not only consider which structure minimizes average degradation levels incurred, but also a balance of 2 other factors: minimizing the variability in transmission quality, and maximizing degradation thresholds.;Results from the 3 experimental approaches revealed that in closed habitats, whistled signals incur less degradation on average and are not more variable in transmission quality than trilled signals, while also having a higher maximum degradation threshold. In open habitats, although trills incur more degradation, on average, than whistles, they clearly transmit with a greater consistency in quality compared to highly variable whistles. Degradation thresholds are not a factor in open habitats.;Therefore, in open and closed habitats, the only types of signals that degrade both increasingly and predictably with distance are trilled and whistled signals, respectively. These results bear significantly on the hypothesized song functions of ranging and the transmission of signaler identity.
机译：声学适应性假设（AAH）预测，旨在进行长距离明确通信的发声应具有振幅调制（AM）特性，以使振幅的时间模式在通过自然类型栖息地传播的过程中退化程度小于替代模式。 AAH预测，封闭的栖息地信号应构造为低速AM啸叫声，因为这种结构有望最好地抵抗混响，这是封闭栖息地典型的主要退化形式，这往往会模糊紧密放置的元素之间的区别（即快速AM Trills）。开放栖息地信号的预测信号结构是快速AM颤音，因为这种结构有望最好地克服不规则幅度波动（IAF），这是开放栖息地典型的主要退化形式，有望掩盖低速率AM信号模式（即吹口哨）。采取了三种实验方法来研究AAH的预测及其基本原理。;计算机模拟，通过自然栖息地传播合成信号以及通过自然栖息地传播自然鸟鸣的结果均清楚地支持了AAH的预测。但是，结果表明，这些预测所依据的理论是不完整的，因为信号性能评估不仅必须考虑哪种结构可以最大程度地降低平均劣化水平，还必须权衡其他两个因素：最小化传输质量的可变性以及最大化劣化阈值3种实验方法的结果表明，在封闭的栖息地中，啸声信号的平均降解程度较小，并且传输质量的变化不比颤动信号大，同时最大降解阈值也更高。在开放的栖息地中，尽管与普通的哨子相比，琐事的平均退化程度更高，但与高度变化的哨子相比，它们的传播质量明显更高。退化阈值不是开放栖息地的一个因素。因此，在开放和封闭的栖息地中，随着距离的增加而可预测地衰减的信号的唯一类型分别是颤动和啸叫信号。这些结果在假设的歌曲测距功能和信号传递者身份的传递上具有重要意义。

著录项

  • 作者

    Brown, Timothy J.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Western Ontario (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 The University of Western Ontario (Canada).;
  • 学科 Zoology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1998
  • 页码 190 p.
  • 总页数 190
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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